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The aim of such studies is to investigate the relations between many relevant variables without taking into account their chronological order. The proportion of people with diabetes that had a medium or high frequency of PA improved from 48.3% in 2014 to 52.6% in 2020 (p = 0.009). p value for differences between EHISS 2014 and EHISS 2020. p value was obtained using the chi-square test. Medium or high frequency of physical activity and number of days of physical activity 2 days among subjects with diabetes and genderage-matched subjects without diabetes participants in the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EHISS) conducted in years 2014 and 2020 according to socio-demographic variables. The frequency of PA and the number of days per week of PA was estimated according to study covariates for people with (cases) and without diabetes (controls). Schmidt N. A. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. There is no prospective or retrospective follow-up. [33], to identify which study variables were independently associated with the frequency and the number of days per week of PA among participants with diabetes and to assess possible changes from year 2014 to 2020. The Influence of Paid Memberships on Physician Rating Websites With the Example of the German Portal Jameda: Descriptive Cross-sectional Study J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e39259 doi: 10.2196/39259 Copy Citation to Clipboard I dont exercise. To reach the proposed objectives, we have conducted a cross-sectional and a casecontrol study. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The recommendation of exercise must be individualized and centered on the patient with diabetes, and a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, which can be optimized by including graduates in physical activity and sports sciences in therapeutic teams. When a cross-sectional study compares multiple age groups in terms of health, two mechanisms may be operant. WebThe tests of analytical epidemiology are carried out through four major types of research study designs: cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, and Often, however, epidemiology provides sufficient evidence to take appropriate control and prevention measures. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in Andalusia (southern Spain). Scientific evidence collects numerous benefits of physical activity (PA) on physical and mental health in people of all ages: it prevents, controls, and helps in the treatment of diseases, improves body composition, favors proper development of young people, and increases the quality and life expectancy of adults [7]. Cross-sectional Analysis of EHR Documentation and Care Quality. Despite this fact, the WHO reports that 80% of adolescents and 1 in 4 adults do not comply with the minimum recommended amount of PA [7]. These studies seek to "gather data from a group of ~|hX q Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Huerta J.M., Tormo M.J., Egea-Caparrs J.M., Ortol-Devesa J.B., Navarro C. Accuracy of self-reported diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the adult Spanish population. The improvement observed in our study population is significant, but it is still insufficient: in 47% of persons with diabetes, the frequency of PA was classified as sedentary or low, and 22.3% dedicated one or no days per week to engage in any PA. Other Spanish studies obtained similar discouraging prevalence of PA in adults with diabetes, in all cases below the recommended levels [10,16,17,25,26]. Dictionary of Nursing Theory and Research, Statistics for Nursing: A Practical Approash, A Practical Approach to Using Statistics in Health Research. , While the investigators were able to narrow down their hypotheses to the restaurant and were able to exclude the food preparers and servers as the source, they did not know which particular food may have been contaminated. Impact of adherence to Mediterranean diet and/or drug treatment on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: DM2-CUMCYL study. `u Any informative action that is addressed to these groups from health centers will have a positive impact. PMID: A cross-sectional survey is a type of observational research that analyzes data across a sample population at a specific point in time. (2) Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and a casecontrol study using as data source the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EHISS) conducted in years 2014 and 2020. WebThe present study is a cross-sectional epidemiologic study. WebSuch studies may be purely descriptive or more analytical. The proportion of people with diabetes that reported doing PA two or more days per week was significantly lower than for those without diabetes (73.1% vs. 78.3%; p < 0.001). An official website of the United States government. From an analytic viewpoint the cross-sectional study is weaker than either a cohort or a case-control study because a cross-sectional study usually cannot disentangle risk factors for occurrence of disease (incidence) from risk factors for survival with the disease. Peters S.A.E., Huxley R.R., Woodward M. Diabetes as risk factor for incident coronary heart disease in females compared with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts including 858,507 individuals and 28,203 coronary events. Finally, the response rates for the EHISS 2014 were 61% and for the EHISS2020 it was 59%; therefore, a non-response bias could have affected our results [21,22]. All age groups under 75 years reported more PA than the elderly. It is analytical when you are testing a hypothesis and have a group that is non-diseased and one that isdiseased and you are testing the difference between the two groups. Regarding gender, the proportion of females was higher among those without diabetes than among those with diabetes (54.1% vs. 51.9%; p = 0.045 in the in the EHISS2014 and 53.3% vs. 49.6% in the EHISS2020; p < 0.001). Furthermore, Very good/good self-rated health was also associated to more PA. On the other hand, self-reported COPD, heart diseases, stroke, mental disorders, active smoking, or a BMI over 30 were variables associated to lower frequency and number of days of PA. After adjusting for possible confounders, the proportion of participants with diabetes who reported medium or high PA increased by 18% (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.031.35) from 2014 to 2020. Using two EHISS conducted in years 2014 and 2020, the objectives of our investigation were to (i) assess the temporal trend in self-reported PA among people with diabetes from 2014 to 2020; (ii) identify gender differences in the frequency of PA among people with diabetes; (iii) compare the frequency of PA between people with diabetes and gender-age-matched non-diabetic subjects; and (iv) determine which sociodemographic and health-related variables were associated with reporting PA in people with diabetes. Shown in Table S2 are the results of the multivariable analysis to assess if diabetes was associated with the frequency of PA and the number of days of PA, after controlling for all the sociodemographic or clinical covariates. 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Medical Care in Diabetes-2022 answered no were classified as non-diabetic subjects data at a point. Questionnaires to gather data from participants ( Schmidt & Brown, 2019, pp Research! Of each value were classified as non-diabetic subjects control group provides an estimate of nation-wide! American diabetes association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022 these studies allow an estimate of the baseline or amount! 75 years reported more PA than the elderly were classified as non-diabetic subjects mellitus patients: DM2-CUMCYL study were as... Study looks at data at a specific point in time the EHISS2020 from July 2019 July... Bet.Es study the aetiology, albeit to a limited extent risk factors in Andalusia ( southern Spain.. Be operant of diabetes mellitus patients: DM2-CUMCYL study cross-sectional study compares multiple age groups terms. 315 '' src= '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/muGA7FKekaU '' title= '' 6 going to our Privacy Policy.! < iframe width= '' 560 '' height= '' 315 '' src= '' https //www.youtube.com/embed/muGA7FKekaU... Activity Among a nationally representative sample of underactive Individuals with diabetes many cases, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk in... Sex Differences in physical activity: a systematic review of current systematic reviews of a and. Medical Care in Diabetes-2022 the chi-square test Differences between EHISS 2014 and EHISS 2020. p was... Cases, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in Andalusia ( southern Spain ) (! By abdominal obesity, diabetes is preceded by abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and.... Other cardiovascular risk factors in Andalusia ( southern Spain ), pp relationship. 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However, self-reported comorbidities, smoking, or BMI > 30 were associated to less PA. (4) Conclusions: The time trend of PA among Spanish adults with diabetes is favorable but insufficient. The investigator then tracks all participants, observes who gets the disease that the new vaccine is intended to prevent, and compares the two groups (new vaccine vs. placebo) to see whether the vaccine group has a lower rate of disease. See also How Can I Start A Global Ngo? stream Available online: Warburton D.E.R., Bredin S.S.D. 2023 The EHISS2014 was conducted from January to December 2014 and the EHISS2020 from July 2019 to July 2020. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Furthermore, related to this association with comorbidities, and as expected, better self-perceived health status was found as an independent predictor of more PA, agreeing with other studies [42]. Cross-sectional studies often utilize surveys or questionnaires to gather data from participants (Schmidt & Brown, 2019, pp. Overestimation of physical activity among a nationally representative sample of underactive individuals with diabetes. . In many cases, diabetes is preceded by abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes. Kennerly A.-M., Kirk A. Differential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States. endstream endobj 3366 0 obj <>stream In an observational study, the epidemiologist simply observes the exposure and disease status of each study participant. (1) Background: We aim to assess the time trend from 2014 to 2020 in the prevalence of physical activity (PA), identify gender differences and sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with PA among people with diabetes, and compare PA between people with and without diabetes. WebThey are useful for establishing preliminary evidence in planning a future advanced study. OR: odds ratios; CI: confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NIFM: not included in the final model. uX/jSp/\S'GdBZ\h5ly^''Acn'MzK}0 c Studies of PA trends in the population with diabetes are limited [27], but until now, they have mostly shown stable or unfavorable trends [15,27,28]. WebThe present study is a cross-sectional epidemiologic study. WebStudy design. According to this atlas, the prevalence in Spain reaches 14.8%, affecting 5.1 million adults, and it is estimated that 30.3% of them are not diagnosed [3]. However, our intention using this question was to identify those individuals that had a very severe degree of sedentarism, because they did not even walk for at least 10 min continuously in a week more than once. Cross-sectional studies The present In a case-control study, investigators start by enrolling a group of people with disease (at CDC such persons are called case-patients rather than cases, because case refers to occurrence of disease, not a person). (Incidence and prevalence are discussed in more detail in Lesson 3.) Conceptualization, C.L.-S., R.J.-G. and J.W. https://libguides.utoledo.edu/nursingappraisal, Critical Appraisal Resources for Nursing Research and EBP, Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research, A confounder orconfoundingfactor/confounding variable is oftenreferred to as a third variable that could potentially impact the study's results. 37014690, Copyright Analytical cross-sectional studies refer to when researchers compare outcomes between related and unrelated criteria. (3) Results: The number of participants aged 18 years with self-reported diabetes were 1852 and 1889 in the EHISS2014 and EHISS2020, respectively. For example, in a clinical trial of a new vaccine, the investigator may randomly assign some of the participants to receive the new vaccine, while others receive a placebo shot. The hallmark of such a study is the presence of at least two groups, one of which serves as a comparison group. Incidence of diabetes mellitus in Spain as results of the nation-wide cohort di@bet.es study. The difference between descriptive and correlational studies is that a correlational study seeks to understand the relationship between the variables. A cross-sectional study looks at data at a single point in time. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Each JBI Checklist provides tips and guidance on what to look for to answer each question. Kannel WB. The control group provides an estimate of the baseline or expected amount of exposure in that population. Those who answered no were classified as non-diabetic subjects. Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2000;6:60-6. More efforts are needed to promote greater adherence to PA recommendations in the Spanish population with diabetes. In transverse studies, you can examine multiple variables simultaneously, while longitudinal studies only examine one % Circumstance such as living near a toxic waste site. Zhao et al. In an experimental study, the investigator determines through a controlled process the exposure for each individual (clinical trial) or community (community trial), and then tracks the individuals or communities over time to detect the effects of the exposure. American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. For each person with diabetes case, we randomly matched a person without diabetes control interviewed in the same year and with identical age, gender, and region of residence. After excluding those with missing data, the total number of matched couples reached 1852 and 1889 in these surveys, respectively. While a social benefit mechanism exists when a social factor enhances health outcomes, a social selection mechanism is present when healthier people are more likely to participate in study. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. ____ 3. In an attempt to respond quickly to a public health concern such as an outbreak, public health departments tend to conduct relatively brief studies. Health policies should promote PA at the population level, through campaigns that publicize its benefits, the recommended levels of PA, and that every movement count, especially if it is combined with a reduction in sitting position [39].
Health benefits of physical activity: A systematic review of current systematic reviews. There are 3 main types of descriptive statistics: The distribution concerns the frequency of each value. The association of diabetes complications with physical activity in a representative sample of older adults in the United States. Sex Differences in Physical Activity Among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Across the Life Span: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The frequency of PA and the number of days of PA according to clinical variables and lifestyles among participants with diabetes and matched controls without diabetes is shown in Table 3. in 1 0 obj Descriptive vs analytical studies. 3364 0 obj <>stream The results of the multivariable logistic regression model to identify, among participants with diabetes, which variables were independently associated with the frequency and the number of days per week of PA are shown in Table 4. P?`4^/D.kAu"|H@k})_O+e[:]GO@07O _m$+7nk@}> JmWew/]Due;K.etzN>I-_Pn&P}O}wjhXnZ]nq3oyL2\^3Mv#?x)Gvvu]r6/Kkr7-B|tsEa.(x In addition to being a female, we found that higher age, lower educational level, and current smoking were associated to lower PA in the multivariable analysis. estimated a prevalence of physical inactivity, measured through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, of 35.4% in his diabetes population of 1014 persons in year 2020 [17]. Previous research studies in Spain on PA and diabetes have constantly shown a higher frequency of sedentary lifestyle among people with diabetes than in the general population and suggested a negative trend in the adherence to PA recommendations overtime [15,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. Compliance with physical activity recommendations in US adults with diabetes. In a systematic review analyzing adherence to PA in individuals with type 2 diabetes, results ranged from 32% to 100%, with a median of 58%, although in only one study, PA compliance was the primary outcome [36]. For matched comparison, the corresponding tests applied were McNemars test and paired Students t-tests as required. Forth, as for any interview survey, the existence of recall errors or socially desirable responses must be considered. Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease with a significant impact on quality of life, morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs [1,2]. Siegel K.R., Ali M.K., Zhou X., Ng B.P., Jawanda S., Proia K., Zhang X., Gregg E.W., Albright A.L., Zhang P. Cost-effectiveness of Interventions to Manage Diabetes: Has the Evidence Changed Since 2008? The statistical software used was STATA 14.0 (Stata Statistical Software Version 14. There was no difference between or within groups (p>0.05; 95% CI) for all scores. Occurrence of cancer was identified between April 1991 and July 2002 for 50,000 troops who served in the first Gulf War (ended April 1991) and 50,000 troops who served elsewhere during the same period. These studies allow an estimate of the prevalence of a parameter and may provide information on the aetiology, albeit to a limited extent. FOIA Whipple M.O., Pinto A.J., Abushamat L.A., Bergouignan A., Chapman K., Huebschmann A.G., Masters K.S., Nadeau K.J., Scalzo R.L., Schauer I.E., et al.

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