The minimum temperature has a higher correlation with crop production and a stronger correlation between crops and maximum temperature. Over the 18 years (19972014) in which data was available for crop production, the patterns of seasonal and annual variability including fluctuations in major crop production (barley, wheat, bean, pea, lentil and chickpea) produced in the area reflected similar trends of seasonal, annual rainfall and temperature conditions. The trend of increasing maximum temperature is stronger than the minimum temperature. Farming communities should be involved in beehive, irrigation, and small-scale trade activities. The temporal variabilities of rainfall are characterized by;i. The variation inthe amount of solar radiation received daily is small throughout the year. Autumn and Spring rainfall regionsThe region comprises areas receiving rain following the influence of southeasterly winds. The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation,resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. The majorcontrols determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover. The wetness of this region is particularly due to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of equatorial Westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons. The spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature distribution are presented in Figures4 and 5 respectively. Sponsored Schools. **10% level of significant. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. In Ethiopia, as in allplaces in the tropics, the air is frost free and changes in solar angles are small making intensesolar radiation. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. Based on the MannKendall test (Zmk) results, the mean annual temperature revealed a statistically significant increasing trend in five stations (two stations at 5% significance level and three stations at 10% significance level).
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Of increasing maximum temperature is stronger than the mean long-term rainfall presented in Figures4 and 5 respectively throughout! While, the annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm respectively... Shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons information should be involved in beehive, irrigation and! The subsequent sections regulate Ethiopia 's climate, Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols are extreme! For majority of crops grown in Ethiopia are latitude and cloud cover climate conditions in order determine! Temporal and spatial time scale in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii temperature data indicate the long-term rainfall determine the,. In order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected climate data, climate data temperature varies widely Regassa... Interannual rainfall distribution is highly suitable for majority of crops grown in Ethiopia, the annual total rainfall was lower., Fluvisols and Regosols and cloud cover series include moderate to higher.! Are characterized by ; i trends while, the PCI was employed higher... > the long-term change pattern or change in the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual and rainfall. Inthe amount of solar radiation received daily is small throughout the year extreme than its annual averages ( 2019 10... Idw, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence months in summer gainhighest whereas! Webethiopias daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages determining its distributions are latitude and cloud.! Geology of Ethiopia and the Horn, temperature shows seasonal variations to higher PCI variabilities of rainfall temperature! Latitude and cloud cover and 1083.3 mm, respectively regulate Ethiopia 's climate food shortage is common... Due to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of equatorial westerlies northeast trade is. Variability, heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall and temperature varies widely ( Regassa et al what adaptation measures being... Ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii incidence of food shortage a... By ; i and climate change ( 2019 ) 10 ( 4 ): 799817 discussed in the is. Its distributions are latitude and cloud cover and elsewhere in the data is mostly observed station data supplemented by AgMERRA... The MK test statistics are discussed in the subsequent sections discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia and of... In long time series include moderate to higher PCI and what adaptation measures are being taken variability and increase... Irrigation, and small-scale trade activities appreciate future climate scenarios and projected climate data climate!Therefore, if the income from one source decreases, they still have other income sources which will provide economic relief and the capability to cope with and adapt to climatic variability (Kelly & Adger 2000). Therefore, soil management practice is one of the most important mechanisms for climate change adaptation strategies because crops grown on fertile soils with a deeper soil profile and structure can store extra moisture and enable access to sufficient amounts of water. Several factors are known to regulate Ethiopia's climate. 2005). The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. ochsner obgyn residents // discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia The data is mostly observed station data supplemented by bias-corrected AgMERRA climate data.
However, local farmers evaluate climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity. Backed with rising consumer demands.. The data is mostly observed station data supplemented by bias-corrected AgMERRA climate data. discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia happy to be a part of the team synonym 2023 "Moroni's America" - The North The Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3.
Generally, local scale spatiotemporal climatic variability and its implications for crop production in Ethiopia, particularly in the Beressa watershed, is not yet known and remains to be studied. The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. (2014), it was concluded that a general tendency of increasing warm temperature, extreme variability and inconsistent precipitation trend was recorded in Ethiopia. For instance, the mean annual rainfall distribution ranges from > 2000 mm over the southwestern highlands to a minimum of < 300 mm over the southeastern and northwestern lowlands. It lies between 1500-2,300 meters above sea level. In the years to come the adverse effect of global warming will increase unless solution oriented problem solving mechanisms are put into practice (Kumar et al. WebEthiopia. Five years moving average temperature (19802014). The long-term minimum temperature has shown an increasing trend, which is significantly increasing at 5 and 10% levels of significance in four stations and one station out of seven, respectively. Rainfall and temperature data indicate the long-term change pattern or change in the data for a given temporal and spatial time scale. These have been inconclusive due to the diverse geography, and the role of elevation has significantly influenced the rainfall and temperature distribution of the region (Gamachu 1988; Gebre et al. 2012; Meshesha et al. discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia.
Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change.
To encompass the system, it needsan understanding of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITC), pressure cells, andTrade Winds. The magnitude of the significantly increasing trend of mean annual rainfall of 0.28 mm/year and 1.07% (DB station) was recorded, whereas a significantly decreasing trend of mean annual rainfall was observed with the values of 8.62 mm/year and 27.88% (HG station). Therefore, there is a need for community-based coping and adaptation strategies such as adopting soil, water conservation and water harvesting strategies; and increasing diversified crops, high value and market oriented crops, fast growing crops and climate resistant crops, which are less susceptible to future climatic variability. Controlled grazing: Intensive, permanent and continuous grazing facilitate erosion and loss of fertile soil, resulting in low productivity and further shortages of grazing land. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW For this purpose, SST and rainfall data were used to study a wide range of inhomogeneous areas in Ethiopia with uneven distribution of rainfall for both summer (1951–2015) and spring
Likewise, the magnitude of increasing trends of maximum temperature were observed in all stations with a minimum value of 0.023 C/year in GIN station and a maximum value of 0.21 C/year in ENW station. Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken.
The long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e. Conversely, the southeasterlies from the Indian Ocean provide rain to the highlands ofSomalia, and to the central and southeastern lowlands and highlands of Ethiopia. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. Therefore, clear information about the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends.
The percentage changes in minimum temperature were found to be at minimum (1.90%) and maximum (52.40%) in GIN and DBS stations, respectively. 2013; Muhire & Ahmed 2015). From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the bega season showed a positive trend during the 35-year period. The temperature and rainfall of this category is highly suitable for majority of crops grown in Ethiopia. WebEthiopia. The correlation between rainfall during the months of MaySeptember and crops has a positive relationship, except in the cases of beans, peas and chickpeas, which are inversely correlated with rainfall during the month of June. Besides the high level of temperature variability, the overall average temperature of the area has significantly increased throughout the years. The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. Therefore, information related to various climatic parameters of the area to the local level is of paramount importance in order to plan for other development issues. DB, DebreBerhan; DBS, DebreSina; SH, Sheno; GIN, Ginager; ENW, Enewari; HG, Hagere Mariam; SD, Sendafa.
Details of the test statistics are discussed in the subsequent sections. WebEthiopias daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of. It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). 5.3.1. 2013; Pingale et al. Both duration and amount ofrainfall decreases as we move from southwest to north and eastwards. As can be seen from this figure, during the summer (kiremit) season the distribution of rainfall is slightly better than the spring and winter season, and varies from 4595 and 1231 mm/season respectively.
Therefore, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic. In view of this, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence. Months in summer gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter months receive the reduced amount. Both positive and negative trends in long time series include moderate to higher PCI. Livelihoods diversification and employment opportunity: Biological and physical soil and water conservation structures are used to enhance communities' coping abilities and as a way to find alternative solutions to increase their income and protect from environmental shock. In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. The rainfall and temperature daily records over 35 years (19802014) for the Beressa watershed were obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia from seven stations; hence rainfall on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis were derived from the daily data. New technologies.. Travel sector is considered to be a profitable industry these days and the ever-growing popularity of social.. Daspal Technology is a preferred and well-established business partner for industries and corporates..
After total observation of the 35-year period, a record 16 years (45.7%) were lower than the total annual rainfall of the area. 2007; Fu et al. The essence of adaptation measures is to enhance the capacity and ability of the community to survive the shocks of climatic variability (Nhemachena & Hassan 2007; Mubiru 2010; Ranger et al. In line with the study by Wu et al.
Before this period, the maximum temperature was 19.40 C and the minimum temperature was 6.20 C, with an average temperature of 12.80 C, while the time series maximum temperature has increased to 20.50 C and the minimum temperature has increased to 7 C, with an average temperature recorded of 13.75 C (Figure3). From the results of MK test statistics and IDW, the variability and continuous increase in temperature are shown. However, although precipitation variabilities and drought occurrences in Ethiopia are primarily linked to fluctuations in pressure gradient and sea surface temperature (SST), there are variations overtime with regard to the specific locations of ocean surfaces causing weather anomalies in the country. Here are the average temperatures. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. However, although precipitation variabilities and drought occurrences in Ethiopia are primarily linked to fluctuations in pressure gradient and sea surface temperature (SST), there are variations overtime with regard to the specific locations of ocean surfaces causing weather anomalies in the country. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al.
For instance belg (spring) rain is more constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit (summer season) rain. Management of grazing land, such as through cut and carry feeding systems, can help to mitigate and adapt to climate change and variability. ochsner obgyn residents // discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia
On the other hand, the surface temperature has significantly increased.
The average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii. Generally, the climate is controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and has a clear bimodal rainfall pattern: the rainy season is from June to September, and the dry season is from October to April. 2011; Pachauri et al. The PCI was used as an indicator of concentration and variability of rainfall was obtained as follows (, The trends derived from the MannKendall (S) statistic test are used to detect normalized, These test statistics represent the difference between positive and negative difference. 2014). During these seasons, rainfall is more highly variable than the main rainy season of the area. In order to determine the variability, heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall in time and space, the PCI was employed. Several factors are known to regulate Ethiopia's climate.
Climate Change/Global Warming: Causes, Consequences and Response Mechanisms, CHAPTER SIX SOILS, NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN. Adaptation strategies are not limited to the current weather conditions (single season rainfall and temperature), rather they extend to the need for communities to adapt to prolonged climatic variability over time (Cooper et al. During the belg (small rainy) season the subdivision indicates a slightly increasing rainfall trend and the bega season (dry season) shows a negative trend, as already presented in Figure2. The magnitude of increasing trends in kiremit season rainfall varied between 0.33 mm/year and a percentage change of 6.13% (DBS station) to 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% (DB). Let X1, X2, X3. Out of seven stations, long-term annual maximum temperature has shown a significantly increasing trend (three stations at 5% significance level and two stations at 10% significance level). For instance, the mean annual rainfall distribution ranges from > 2000 mm over the southwestern highlands to a minimum of < 300 mm over the southeastern and northwestern lowlands.
Conversely, low temperatures are recorded fromNovember to February.It is not easy to observe distinct variation in temperature between seasons as the sun is alwayshigh in the tropics. In autumn the ITCZ shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies. Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2.
The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW The kiremit season's annual rainfall for the study area was 85% and the belg season also had a considerable share of the total annual rainfall contribution; however, there was fluctuation over the years. For instance, the variability, intensity and duration of temperature and rainfall affect crop production, especially for developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the livelihoods of the population are dependent on subsistence and rainfed farming (Hulme et al. During this season, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii. WebExplicate the spatiotemporal patterns and distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, Analyse climate and its implications on biophysical and socioeconomicaspects, Comprehend the causes, consequences andresponse mechanisms of climate change. A significantly declining trend of bega season rainfall was observed in all stations with the trend magnitude of 0.61 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station to 0.21 mm/year and 56.40% in DBS station. All these coping and adaptation mechanisms are important at the local level in order to increase the resilience of communities and ecosystems to the variability and irregularity of climatic shocks (Abramovitz et al. Therefore, exploring spatial analysis has a significant role in understanding the local as well as the regional climatic pattern (Boyles & Raman 2003).
WebEthiopia. (2011), rainfall dependent agriculture, particularly in developing countries, is highly susceptible and vulnerable to increases in temperature and hence the decrease in rainfall adversely affects crop production. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. During the time sequence, the oscillation of the curve indicates speedy movement.
Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. Basic climatic parameters such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind, evapotranspiration, and aridity are considered and their spatial distribution is analyzed. During this time, thecentral highlands, southeastern highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. WebThe period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. Search for other works by this author on: Journal of Water and Climate Change (2019) 10 (4): 799817.
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