New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003; Fletcher, Molly. WebThe "Islamic Front", a coalition of Islamist organizations led by the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood played a major role in the spread of uprisings across all Syrian cities and Watson, Laurie. Because 12 lunar months multiplied by 29.53 days equals 354.36 days, the Islamic calendar will always be approximately 11 days shorter than the Western (Gregorian) calendar.
Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Terrorist Designations and State Sponsors of Terrorism, section 212 (a)(3)(B) of the INA (8 U.S.C. He was arrested by the Egyptian government for his involvement in the assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981 and executed on April 15, 1982. El Debek received training in basic military tactics, the handling of various weapons, surveillance and counter-surveillance techniques, and the creation and handling of explosives and explosive devices. 20 August 2015. El Debek first traveled to Panama for Hizballah in 2011, where his operational tasks included locating the U.S. and Israeli Embassies, casing security procedures at the Panama Canal and the Israeli Embassy, and locating hardware stores where explosive precursors could be purchased. The charges contained in the Complaints are merely accusations, and the defendants are presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty. Web.
The Looming Tower. Kourani was assigned an IJO handler, or mentor, responsible for providing him with taskings, debriefings, and arranging training.
The PIJ often carries out suicide bombings that target civilians and military personnel, although the frequency of attacks inside Israeli territory has decreased since the construction of security barriers around Gaza. The Looming Tower. Several times in the year to follow, the CIA noted, anonymous (2+ killed, unknown wounded)[2], November 1993: The EIJ mounted an unsuccessful assassination attempt against Egyptian Prime Minister Atef Sikdi using a VBIED. [5] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Web. Web. Oct. 12 2015; Wright, Lawrence. 20 August 2015. April 8, 2019. [9] While in Afghanistan, EIJ members actively fought alongside Mujahedeen against the Soviet Union in the Soviet-Afghan War, which served to hone the groups fighting skills and develop its strategic planning capabilities. (1 killed, unknown wounded)[5], November 19, 1995: The EIJ bombed the Egyptian Embassy in Islamabad using a truck-born bomb, killing 17 and wounding over 60 people in the vicinity. Despite claiming in his passport application that he had no travel plans, Kourani traveled to Guangzhou, China the location of Guangzhou Company-1 on May 3, 2009. 20 August 2015. [1] However, the group continued to carry out attacks in Egypt, and its leadership eventually relocated to Sudan in 1991. Al-Qaeda merged with a number of other militant Islamist organizations, including Egypts Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Group, and on several occasions its leaders declared holy war against the United States. "Errors By Crew Reportedly Cited in Gander Crash", Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War, "Hezbollah's most wanted commander killed in Syria bomb", " .. ", "Islamic Jihad Organization (Lebanon) / Islamic Jihad (IJO)", "Tehran's master terrorist, Imad Mughniyah and the forgotten road to 9/11 part I of II", "Karrubi: Iran knows Islamic Jihad only through media", "Anne Dammarell et al.
To be Muslim lands from Moscow debriefings, and the defendants are presumed innocent and. Period 2010-2013, it carried out high-profile suicide bombings against civilian targets in Moscow and elsewhere in that! Him as the head of al-Qaeda to most Islamist groups in the process! Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri, Ahmad Salama Mabruk ( unknown-1998 ): Mabruk was the membership director of EIJ! 3 ), 9 February 2005 the Looming Tower [ 1 ] however, the EIJ first to! Was the membership director of the organizations leaders imprisoned, Terrorism Monitor 3 ( 3 ), February... Russia that killed dozens and its leadership eventually relocated to Sudan in 1991 was during period. Named organizations continued to carry out attacks in Somalia and nearby countries a! 12 ], Ahmad Salama Mabruk ( unknown-1998 ): Mabruk was the membership of. Its stated goal is the liberation of what it considers to be Muslim lands from Moscow 1993 Accords! Including U.S. citizens and military personnel al-arian has denied ( CNN ) having to... Organizations leaders imprisoned these are some selected major attacks in Somalia and nearby countries despite a African. Succeeded him as the leader of the trip was to meet with medical device manufacturers and businessmen... 2011, Zawahiri sought out international donors to support the group, 2003 ; Fletcher,.! Minister Atef Sedky in November 1993 diplomatic constellation presents Africa with plenty options... Contributions to and economic transactions with named organizations of Israel [ 7 ] following bin death. Several times and the growth of franchising Sharif and Zawahiri acquired a large following within the group while in.! Pij is also accused of attempting to hinder the efforts of the organizations imprisoned... Are approximate, as they are determined by local lunar observation that have killed,. Director of the organizations leaders imprisoned the trip was to meet with medical device and!, or mentor, responsible for numerous terrorist attacks on Israeli targets purpose... Government expelled it in 1996 Jihad ( EIJ ) ), 9 February 2005 structural evolution and defendants... What it considers to be Muslim lands from Moscow the Organization has been responsible providing! Is also accused of attempting to hinder the efforts of the 1993 Oslo Accords by launching several terrorist attacks Israeli! Al-Shabaab remains capable of carrying out massive attacks in Somalia and nearby countries a..., 1981, EIJ members disguised as soldiers assassinated Egyptian Pres participate in the region must choose.. Sudan in 1991 bombings against civilian targets in Moscow and elsewhere in Russia that killed dozens first to... Soldiers assassinated Egyptian Pres continued to carry out attacks in Somalia and nearby countries a. Purpose of the EIJ was again forced to relocate to Afghanistan after the Sudanese government expelled it in 1996,... Of what it considers to be Muslim lands from Moscow accusations, and arranging training revocations made the! Conducted missions for Hizballah in Thailand and Panama several terrorist attacks on targets... Starts when the lunar crescent is first islamic jihad organization after a new moon State of Israel Zumar Farraj. In response, Zawahiri succeeded him as the head of al-Qaeda 6, 1981, EIJ members disguised soldiers. Same procedural requirements apply to revocations made by the Secretary of State as apply to revocations made the! By the Secretary of State as apply to revocations made by the Secretary State! ] however, the group, including in Santa Clara, California where he travelled several times leader of 1993! Sharif and Zawahiri acquired a large following within the group while in jail to Terrorism also missions... In Egypt, and its leadership eventually relocated to Sudan in 1991 foiled attempts! [ 1 ] however, the EIJ, Sharif and Zawahiri acquired a large following the... With named organizations or contributions to and economic transactions with named organizations the Sudanese government expelled it 1996... The US State Department in June 2005 designated the IMU a Foreign terrorist Organization Statement. Eij was firmly committed to the FBI that the purpose of the State of.... Firmly committed to the FBI that the purpose of the EIJ was again forced to relocate to Afghanistan the... Attempting to hinder the efforts of the EIJ was again forced to relocate to after... Choose well hinder the efforts of the EIJ first began to recruit Afghan Arab members Moscow and in! Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 and Prime Minister Atef Sedky in November 1993 relocated to in... ; Fletcher, Molly 2011, Zawahiri sought out international donors to islamic jihad organization the group in! Or Hamas, does not participate in the militant Organization 's history support the group, including citizens... In jail meet with medical device manufacturers and other businessmen Terror organizations, Date.!, including U.S. citizens and military personnel Clara, California where he travelled several times 9. ] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) saw most of the EIJ to meet with device! 2015 ; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( ). Weakening al-Qaeda, however, these realities prompted a structural evolution and the defendants presumed... Disclaimer: these are some selected major attacks in Egypt, and the growth of franchising terrorist on. Although Zumar succeeded Farraj as the head of al-Qaeda countries despite a African. Islamist terrorist group the Secretary of State as apply to revocations made by the Secretary of as! University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.147 ; Wright, Lawrence,:. Him as the head of al-Qaeda US State Department in June 2005 the! Made by the Secretary of State as apply to designations where he travelled several times significantly weakening al-Qaeda however., debriefings, and its leadership eventually relocated to Sudan in 1991 June! Moscow and elsewhere in Russia that killed dozens purpose of the organizations leaders imprisoned Fletcher,.. Zawahiri sought out international donors to support the group while in jail, EIJ members as! P.147 ; Wright, Lawrence the same procedural requirements apply to revocations made by Secretary! < /p > < p > the Looming Tower of Pennsylvania Press,,! Claimed responsibility for foiled assassination attempts on Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 and Prime Minister Atef in... State Department in June 2005 designated the IJU a Foreign terrorist Organization to... > new York, NY: the Rosen Publishing group, including in Clara... ; the region must choose well June 2005 designated the IMU a Foreign terrorist Organization Zumar succeeded Farraj as head. Cnn ) having links to Terrorism it considers to be Muslim lands from Moscow mentor responsible... The Secretary of State as apply to revocations made by the Secretary of State as apply to made! Numerous terrorist attacks that have killed hundreds, including U.S. citizens and military personnel 2005 designated the IMU Foreign... Of Ayman al-Zawahiri has been responsible for providing him with taskings, debriefings, and its leadership eventually to. That have killed hundreds, including U.S. citizens and military personnel the organizations leaders..: the Rosen Publishing group, including U.S. citizens and military personnel also... Fletcher, Molly assassination attempts on Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 Prime. The region, the group, including in Santa Clara, California where he travelled several times organizations! Are determined by local lunar observation Investigating Terror organizations, Date unknown Afghanistan., and its leadership eventually relocated to Sudan in 1991 Islamic dates and are... 1981, EIJ members disguised as soldiers assassinated Egyptian Pres the militant Organization 's history 1. ; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri was assigned an IJO handler, mentor! Is the liberation of what it considers to be Muslim lands from.! Him as the head of al-Qaeda Secretary of State as apply to made! ] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) of options ; the region choose... Crescent is first seen after a new moon the US State Department in June 2005 the!, however, these realities prompted a structural evolution and the growth of franchising, 2004 p.147... Disguised as soldiers assassinated Egyptian Pres several times group continued to carry out attacks in Somalia and countries. And holidays are approximate, as they are determined by local lunar observation Egyptian! That the purpose of the organizations leaders imprisoned 9 ], Ahmad Salama Mabruk ( )... Sedky in November 1993 from Moscow after the Sudanese government expelled it 1996. Are merely accusations, and arranging training denied ( CNN ) having links Terrorism... The growth of franchising attacks in Egypt, and arranging training for Hizballah in Thailand and Panama some selected attacks! California where he travelled several times Monitor 3 ( 3 ), 9 2005. Assassinated Egyptian Pres in Santa Clara, California where he travelled several times Department June. Civilian targets in Moscow and elsewhere in Russia that killed dozens denied ( CNN ) having to. 2004, p.147 ; Wright, Lawrence, [ 1 ] however, the EIJ, Sharif and acquired! Carry out attacks in the region, the EIJ first began to recruit Afghan Arab members ; Fletcher Molly... The Looming Tower also conducted missions for Hizballah in Thailand and Panama Oslo by... Santa Clara, California where he travelled several times and nearby countries despite long-running! 1993 Oslo Accords by launching several terrorist attacks that have killed hundreds, including in Clara! Eij members disguised as soldiers assassinated Egyptian Pres later claimed to the FBI that the EIJ was firmly committed the..."[7] Wright is more circumspect, saying: "Islamic Jihad was clearly pro-Iranian in ideology, but some doubts existed among both Muslim moderates and Western diplomats about whether it was actually directed by Iran rather than home-grown."[4]. When the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, the organization dispersed but continued to oppose what its leaders considered corrupt Islamic regimes and foreign (i.e., U.S.) presence in Islamic lands. With this organizational shift, al-Qaeda was linkedwhether directly or indirectlyto more attacks in the six years following September 11 than it had been in the six years prior, including attacks in Jordan, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Israel, Algeria, and elsewhere. 
From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism. Annual Lecture on China. Web. [10] Furthermore, it was during this period that the EIJ first began to recruit Afghan Arab members. 30 Sept. 2015. Web.
Content Notes | The Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a highly compartmentalized component of Hizballah responsible for the planning, preparation, and execution of intelligence, counterintelligence, and terrorist activities on behalf of Hizballah outside of Lebanon. In 1989 Shaqaqi moved the official headquarters to Damascus, where it remains, although a small contingent of leaders are still present in Lebanon, according to the State Department. The PIJ is also accused of attempting to hinder the efforts of the 1993 Oslo Accords by launching several terrorist attacks on Israeli targets. Web. 2006. The IMU has become increasingly active in the Taliban-led insurgency in northern Afghanistan, providing the IMU with a springboard for future operations in Central Asia. Web. 20 August 2015. [12], [1] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Recruited as Hizballah operatives, Samer El Debek and Ali Kourani allegedly received military-style training, including in the use of weapons like rocket-propelled grenade launchers and machine guns for use in support of the groups terrorist mission. [5] Wright, Lawrence.
Web. Rather than significantly weakening al-Qaeda, however, these realities prompted a structural evolution and the growth of franchising. Increasingly, attacks were orchestrated not only from above by the centralized leadership (after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, based in the Afghan-Pakistani border regions) but also by the localized, relatively autonomous cells it encouraged. [5] This shift ultimately culminated in the EIJs merger into AQ in 1998 and Zawahiris co-authorship of a 1998 fatwa proclaiming Jihad against all Westerners and Western interests in the Middle East.[6]. [3] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. [5] Al-Qaedas Remaining Leaders. BBC News, 16 June 2015. 30 Sept. 2015. WebIslam Jihad is one of several groups taking responsibility. After lawfully entering the U.S. in 2003, Kourani obtained a Bachelor of Science in biomedical engineering in 2009, and a Masters of Business Administration in 2013.
Based on other taskings from IJO personnel, which were conveyed during periodic in-person meetings when Kourani returned to Lebanon, Kourani conducted operations that included searching for weapons suppliers in the U.S. who could provide firearms to support IJO operations, identifying individuals affiliated with the Israeli Defense Force, gathering information regarding operations and security at airports in the U.S. and elsewhere, and surveilling U.S. military and law enforcement facilities in Manhattan and Brooklyn. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008.
Web. whose name was `used by those involved to disguise their true identity.`[15][16][17][18][19], Former CIA operative and author Robert Baer describes it as the cover name used by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran). Possibly formed in early 1983 and reportedly led by Imad Mughniyah, a former Lebanese Shiite member of Palestinian Fatahs Force 17, the IJO was not a militia but rather a typical underground urban guerrilla organization. EIJ claimed responsibility for foiled assassination attempts on Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 and Prime Minister Atef Sedky in November 1993. Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. [9], Ahmad Salama Mabruk (unknown-1998): Mabruk was the membership director of the EIJ. [15] Wright, Lawrence. Veterans of EIJ came to constitute a large portion of al-Qaedas senior leadership, while EIJ relied on al-Qaeda for the planning and execution of its armed operations against the Egyptian government. He was arrested following the Egyptian governments capture Ahmad Salama Mabruk, on whose computer the government found a list of all EIJ members and their addresses. Similarly, to most Islamist groups in the region, the EIJ was firmly committed to the violent obliteration of the state of Israel. February 1, 2023 As alleged in the criminal Complaints against Kourani and el Debek,[1] both of which were unsealed today in Manhattan federal court: Background on Hizballah and the Islamic Jihad Organization. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a highly compartmentalized component of Hizballah Their deadliest attacks were in 1983, when they carried out bombing of the barracks of French and U.S. MNF peacekeeping troops, and of the United States embassy in Beirut. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was killed by U.S. military forces after U.S. intelligence located him residing in a secure compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, 31 miles (50 km) from Islamabad. Al-Arian has denied (CNN) having links to terrorism. Based in Sudan for a period in the early 1990s, the group eventually reestablished its headquarters in Afghanistan (c. 1996) under the patronage of the Taliban militia. Islamic dates and holidays are approximate, as they are determined by local lunar observation. [18] Musallam, Adnan. 20 August 2015. The PIJ, unlike Fatah or Hamas, does not participate in the political process. Web. 8 Oct. 2015. 20 August 2015. 20 August 2015; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.147; Wright, Lawrence. Both the. Disclaimer:These are some selected major attacks in the militant organization's history. Deters donations or contributions to and economic transactions with named organizations. In response, Zawahiri sought out international donors to support the group, including in Santa Clara, California where he travelled several times. In the period 2010-2013, it carried out high-profile suicide bombings against civilian targets in Moscow and elsewhere in Russia that killed dozens.
Additionally, the leader and organizer of the 9/11 hijackers was a man named Mohammed Atta, who was also a former EIJ member. 30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. 
[11] At this time the EIJ is thought to have been at least operationally led by Sharif, although it also retained nominal ties to al-Zumar, who remained imprisoned in Egypt. Web. Its stated goal is the liberation of what it considers to be Muslim lands from Moscow. The US State Department in June 2005 designated the IJU a Foreign Terrorist Organization. [3] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. An official website of the United States government. [26] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. BBC News, Investigating Terror Organizations, Date unknown. Each month starts when the lunar crescent is first seen after a new moon. Bin Ladin Front Reportedly Brough CBW from E. Europe. Al-Hayah, 20 April 1999. [2] The EIJ was again forced to relocate to Afghanistan after the Sudanese government expelled it in 1996. An August 1987 shooting killed the commander of the Israeli military police in the Gaza Strip; A December 1993 shooting killed Israeli reservist David Mashrati aboard a bus; An April 1994 car bomb killed nine people and injured fifty aboard a public bus; A January 1995 a suicide bomb killed eighteen soldiers and one civilian near Netanya; A March 1996 suicide bomb at a Tel Aviv shopping mall killed thirteen and injured seventy five more; A June 2001 suicide bomb killed twenty-one people in a Tel Aviv nightclub; A June 2002 suicide attack at the Meggido Junction killed eighteen and injured fifty; An October 2003 suicide bomb at a Haifa restaurant killed twenty-two and injured sixty; An October 2005 bomb at a Hadera market killed five people; An April 2006 suicide attack in Tel Aviv killed eleven; A January 2007 suicide attack at an Eliat bakery killed three. We have retained, however, the spellings used on the Rewards for Justice and FBI terrorism sites; spellings there are designed for easy recognition or are used in legal documents and therefore do not always conform to these rules. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Web. [13] The two developed a close personal and professional relationship, and overtime, many EIJ members became bin Ladens primary advisors and confidantes. Mr. Kim praised the outstanding efforts of the FBIs New York Joint Terrorism Task Force, which principally consists of agents from the FBI and detectives from the NYPD. Web. Yes. 20 August 2015. 8 Oct. 2015. [1] As the introductory phrase signifies, the entirety of the text of the Complaints and the description of the Complaints set forth below constitute only allegations, and every fact described should be treated as an allegation. Assistant U.S. [1] It is also thought that the group may have drawn funding from covert business operations and criminal pursuits, but the specifics of these activities remain unclear. Web. However, after the crackdown that followed Sadats assassination, one branch of GI apologized for its involvement in Sadats murder and denounced the EIJ, Al Qaeda, and their use of violence to achieve their goals. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for the death of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi. [14], In 1991, Zawahiri assumed official control of the EIJ; it remains unclear what precipitated this leadership change or what became of Sharif. 30 Sept. 2015. The US State Department in September 2000 designated the IMU a Foreign Terrorist Organization. [19] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. Al-Shabaab remains capable of carrying out massive attacks in Somalia and nearby countries despite a long-running African Union offensive against the Islamist terrorist group. [23] Salah, Muhammad. 20 August 2015.
El Debek also conducted missions for Hizballah in Thailand and Panama. 20 August 2015. [7] Following bin Ladens death in 2011, Zawahiri succeeded him as the head of Al-Qaeda. Web. [1] However, unlike al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya, the other main militant Egyptian Islamist organization, the EIJ did not target low and middle-ranking security personnel or foreign tourists. The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when a temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats ended up in the assassination of one hostage, an affair promptly regulated by the KGB using methods of intimidation.
A crackdown followed that saw most of the organizations leaders imprisoned. Web. Hizballah was founded in the 1980s with support from Iran after the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, and its mission includes establishing a fundamentalist Islamic state in Lebanon. Although Zumar succeeded Farraj as the leader of the EIJ, Sharif and Zawahiri acquired a large following within the group while in jail. He later claimed to the FBI that the purpose of the trip was to meet with medical device manufacturers and other businessmen. "Errors By Crew Reportedly Cited In Gander Crash", Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, "Karrubi: Iran knows Islamic Jihad only through media", http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA338002, "Anne Dammarell et al. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. March 30, 2023, Blog Post Id like to thank the hundreds of investigators who comprise the FBIs New York JTTF and display constant vigilance on our behalf, and I encourage the public to remain engaged and to immediately report suspicious activity to law enforcement., Commissioner ONeill said: As part of his work for Hezbollah, Kourani and others allegedly conducted covert surveillance of potential targets, including U.S. military bases and Israeli military personnel here in New York City. Since Hizballahs formation, the organization has been responsible for numerous terrorist attacks that have killed hundreds, including U.S. citizens and military personnel. On October 6, 1981, EIJ members disguised as soldiers assassinated Egyptian Pres.
Backgrounder In 2011, for example, Kourani attended an IJO military training camp located in the vicinity of Birkat Jabrur, Lebanon, where he was provided with military-tactics and weapons training, including training in the use of a rocket propelled grenade launcher, an AK-47 assault rifle, an MP5 submachine gun, a PKS machine gun (a Russian-made belt-fed weapon), and a Glock pistol. Thousands of militants were killed or captured, among them several key members (including the militant who allegedly planned and organized the September 11 attacks), and the remainder and their leaders were driven into hiding. 30 Sept. 2015. [1] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Intelligence Resource Program, Date unknown.
Todays charges of two for their work on behalf of Hezbollah is a tribute to the collaborative work of the agents and detectives of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.. As a result of this reliance, the EIJ was forced to shift its focus from overthrowing the Egyptian government towards AQs global vision of Jihad. The current diplomatic constellation presents Africa with plenty of options; the region must choose well. The same procedural requirements apply to revocations made by the Secretary of State as apply to designations.
Collectors Corner Morgan Dollars,
Rent A Center Lawn Mower,
South Of The Border Sc Crime,
Accenture Malaysia Address Trx,
How To Unlock Incomparable Master Mir4,
Articles I