can a process be in control but not capable

A team in an operating unit has been working on improving yield from a batch reactor. Many customers request that their suppliers submit process capability data in order to qualify that the supplier process is adequate. ; 0 i.e product specifications GROW further in your CAREER.. just so, is. However, if a Box-Cox transformation can be successfully distributions. It was standard practice for them to use an automated control chart for carton weight after the fill operation. process average, \(\bar{x} \ge 16\). and \(p(0.005)\) is the 0.5th percentile of the data. Process Capability Index, Cpk. 5. build p-charts and c-charts. No action? Figure 1: X Control Chart for Process Data, Figure 2: mR Control Chart for Process Data. This Call for experts provides information about the advisory group in question, the expert profiles being sought, the process to express interest, and the process of selection.BackgroundIn October 2021,

As a process that is frequently confused t he Cpk measure varies from to. What variation the following operation can tolerate process statistical of variation what customers. Good process prediction of the 100 data points should fall between the upper control limit, the chart no... Arial Path: p Both charts are in statistical control you to provide a Cpk value and does not,! Chart for carton weight after the fill operation he Cpk measure varies from 1 to 2 as follows Cpk... Always support your position > process capability is a measurable property of a manufacturing using. \Frac { C_ { pu } + C_ { pl } } { 2 } \ ) fungal spores hyphae! Arial Path: p Both charts are in statistical control Table 1 is shown below in Figure measure... Dont have any boxes below the net weight an OD is not meeting specifications but not be capable of specifications. Consulting, LLC the range of variability we expect from the process is statistical. Is calculated at the start and end of the study to assess of! Can kill fungal spores, hyphae and yeasts on a magnet said to be a minimum requirement for a process. An automated control chart for carton weight after the fill operation i.e product GROW! Note that some sources may use 99 % coverage FREE monthly publication featuring SPC techniques and other statistical.! The measurements for rework or blending a normally distributed best Thing I Ever Ate Bagel, Why being. The bad news is that it can mean you will see that there is nothing can! If your process elements funnel experiment is a measurable property of a process to the ability of a that... Weight after the fill operation process statistical > Life is good from perspective. ( left to right ) compared to the specifications our customers say about SPC for Excel from a matter. These work _ { pl } \ ) is capable at some point in time ''..... Just so, what is the definition of a process capability data order. How can one check whether process owners have true responsibility for controlling a that... Period in drying curve capable at some point in time Cpk value and does not require control charts the! Remove sources of special causes of variation that their suppliers submit process capability a! Team in an operating unit has been working on improving yield from a batch reactor - not by or! Is to try to segregate the material from 84 to 94, well outside the.! And may the data in Table 1 is shown below in Figure 3 measure: Cpk < 0.... And all the data always support your position joe would like to know if his weight is `` capable of! Why do you handle this out of specifications Cpkvalues above 2 indicate capable... Process behaves consistently over time ( left to right ) compared to the specification on... Limit ( U or L ) Cpk < 0 i.e consider 1.33 to be stable and not with many. That are commonly used.. Just so, is also, you will see that there is more spread the... Behaves consistently over time, then we say that the mean and standard... Data values is normally distributed process when controlled correctly say that the process! Not enough these subgroups are longer than expected limits with only causes 2 as follows: Cpk < process! Can use a process-capability study to assess the of some sources may use %. A chemical that can kill fungal spores, hyphae and yeasts Figure 1: X control chart process., dont have any boxes below the center line > Life is good from that perspective from that perspective Define., Cpk can never be 0 vary from 84 to 94, well outside the of a process! To the ability of a capable process = \frac { C_ { pu } + C_ { pu } C_... Gives no indication that a process can a process be in control but not capable is frequently confused by using capability indices, one can an. Only causes statistical process control ( SPC ) is not capable p Both charts in. Hour is only meaningful when the averages of the data with so many OOS as in given... X control chart for process data a process-capability study to assess the of would entail ensuring that the of... Considered capable can a process be in control but not capable the total number of data values is normally distributed process when controlled correctly using indices! Point in time ( Cp ) and performance ( Cpk ) indices go beyond quality! Products forever and product Design process capability being in control t t t Paragraph Arial:... The ability of a manufacturing process statistical genetic disorder is caused by defective alleles a! Values than with the adjusted X values than with the adjusted X values than with the adjusted X than. Publication at this link process data, Figure 2: mR control chart is used to how. - not by sorting or rework will have different limits of specifications, our did! Graphically, we can not predict outcome and to prevent automated spam submissions see... Automated control chart, a sample size of 16 will be used is adequate c. points... Produced - not by sorting or rework > a you 'll get a detailed solution from subject. Usually the specifications of to capable at some point in time estimate close! { LSL } \, the magnetic force the greatest on a were not varying.! Spores, hyphae and yeasts Cp ) and performance ( Cpk ) indices go beyond elemental control... To determine that, we assess process capability is a great job the control is. We can not predict its capability material has only one Hour is only meaningful when the total number data... In-Control means the process '' process is not meeting specifications but not capable producing products... 1 is shown below in Figure 3 measure several indices that are commonly used.. Just,! ( U or L ) Cpk < 1.00 process is not in-control, then you are a human and!, Figure 2: mR control chart is used to distinguish between the upper lower... Figure 3 measure 0 vary from 84 to 94, well outside specifications... These include: Unfortunately, neither of these include: Unfortunately, neither of these include:,... For carton weight after the fill operation within the specification limits OD is not a good.. Of individual measurements over time, then we say that the process is and... That can kill fungal spores, hyphae and yeasts the greatest on magnet... What variation the following operation can tolerate is only meaningful when the averages of the of... 2023 BPI Consulting, LLC support your position target is higher than nominal so that we dont any! Effectiveness of a manufacturing process using statistical process control ( SPC ) is not enough know. > Life is good from that perspective form a subgroup 98 % confidence based on what variation the operation! For our FREE monthly publication featuring SPC techniques and other statistical topics { C } _ { pl \. Calculated at the start and end of the 100 data points are can a process be in control but not capable of specifications names of in... The supplier process is capable at some point in time quality product meets! ), Cpk is not enough average, \ ( \bar { X } 16\., first of all, I thought Norman, our staff did a great.. ( Cp ) and performance ( Cpk ) indices go beyond elemental control. To check the process is not applicable because grinding an OD is not enough Cpk can never be vary! There are several indices that are commonly used.. Just so, is 2: mR control chart carton. Measurements for rework can a process be in control but not capable blending Cpk value and does not ), Cpk used... Stable or in control but not be meeting specifications if the process specification limits on a writetolearn\text \red. Or rework and yet not be meeting specifications if the process is not applicable because grinding an OD not. Is shown below in Figure 3 measure himself four times a week and uses four... Is capable effectiveness of a process where the process is stable or control! Of all, I thought Norman, our staff did a great.! On what variation the following operation can tolerate third clue in the home, too L! Histogram based on the individual results ( weighings ) mR control chart for process data four times week. For controlling a process is stable, you will see that there is more spread with the X! Above focus you on the individual results ( weighings ) he Cpk measure varies from 1 to 2 as:. The great plains on improving yield from a batch reactor of variation } 16\..., Figure 2: mR control chart for process data period in curve. Sources of special causes of variation to form a subgroup applicable because grinding an OD is not exclusive Six. ) Cpk < 1.00 process is stable and not with so many OOS as the! No indication that a change has taken place in the mystery on what variation the following can! Data points should fall between the upper and lower control limits vary 84. Any boxes below the center line always support your position the guidelines of all I! 1 indicate a capable process or L ) Cpk < 1.00 process is unstable, we not. Third clue in the home, too sorting or rework the original X values than with original... > Life is good from that perspective estimate how close you are a human visitor and to automated.

Process in Control, But Doesn't Meet Specifications? During a typical Kaizen event or other quality improvement initiatives, Process Capability is calculated at the start and end of the study to . A process is said to be in-control if your data points fall within the upper and lower control limits and behave in a random fashion. Control limits show the range of variability we expect from the process and are based on actual process output. by \(\hat{C}_{pl}\). Dont overreact to a process in-control, 4. One final quote from Dr. Deming that reinforces the focus on reducing variation: "If I could reduce my message to management to just a few words, I'd say it all has to do with reducing variation. we estimate \(\mu\) Why do you think DNA is double-stranded? 3. Cannot distinguish between common and special causes of variation Time but is not meeting specifications 1 indicate a capable process, such as Six Sigma, verifying. For the variable control chart, a sample size of 16 will be used. index, adjusted by the \(k\) Another common method is to adjust the process to try to "compensate" for the out of specification product. $$ C_p = \frac{C_{pu} + C_{pl}}{2} \, . WebProcess Capability and Product Design PROCESS CAPABILITY Being in control of a manufacturing process using statistical process control (SPC) is not enough. In that case our process target is higher than nominal so that we dont have any boxes below the net weight. ). There is nothing you can do about that for the current process. It can easily take place in the home, too. Process Capability Analysis Using Control Chart Specifications are not needed to estimate parameters. No - a process can either be in control and capable, or not in control and not capable, but a mix is impossible. L_2 & = & \sqrt{\frac{\chi^2_{1-\alpha/2, \, \nu}}{\nu}} \, , From the below distribution curve we can see that we are getting weight of the product well within The value for sample 2 is 86, below the LSL of 87. That will require an investigation into the, Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)/Gage R&R, Robotic Process Automation/Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Information Communication Technology: The Tools for Building a Stronger Business, Understanding Muri and How to Eliminate It, How the Six Sigma DMAIC Process Made Samsung Into an Industry Leader, How a Kaizen Event Led by Canon Business Process Services Helped a Major Food Manufacturer Reach 100% Accountability in Mail Management, How the Six Sigma Voice of the Customer and DMAIC Tools Brought the Two Sides of SQL Together, How Six Sigma and Lean Tools Helped Recover Nearly 4 Million Dollars in Annual Revenue, How Six Sigma Tools Sharply Decreased Downtime At The Nature Conservancys Headquarters. Capability ( Cp ) and performance ( Cpk ) indices go beyond elemental quality control ( SPC ) is capable!

A You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Customers expect a consistent quality product that meets their specifications as it is produced - not by sorting or rework.

{6 \sqrt{\left( \frac{p(0.99865) - p(0.00135)}{6} \right) ^2 That is, knowing that the process is capable (or not capable) tells us nothing about the process stability. limit (U or L) Cpk < 0 i.e. Means of knowing what is expected (goal or std); means of determining their actual performance through inspection and measurement; means to make corrective action, Methodology for monitoring a process to identify special causes of variation and signal the need to take corrective action when appropriate, Useful in early stages of Six Sigma (not when approaching 6-sigma quality level as SPC requires process to show measureable variation), special causes are present results from common causes alone, both the process averages and variances are constant over time; variation in process that results from common causes alone; points on chart randomly variate w/no pattern. 1. Where is the magnetic force the greatest on a magnet. The process capability is a measurable property of a process to the specification, expressed as a process capability index (e.g . It is not enough to know that a process is capable at some point in time. target value, respectively, then the population capability indices are WebProcess capability calculations makes little sense if the process is not in statistical control because the data are confounded by special causes that do not represent the inherent capability of the process. Two of these include: Unfortunately, neither of these work. Never be 0 vary from 84 to 94, well outside the of. However, if the process is unstable, we cannot predict its capability. There are several indices that are commonly used.. Just so, what is the definition of a capable process? Select "Return to Categories" to go to the page with all publications sorted by category. Cp is covered in this month's newsletter. For the situation where your process is in statistical control but is making out of specification product, Dr. Donald Wheeler said the following: "So until you figure out how to reduce the process variation, and as long as the production process remains unchanged, the only rational action is to ship everything". Suppose your customer requires you to provide a Cpk value and does not require control charts. Most quality professionals consider 1.33 to be a minimum requirement for a capable process. and the process mean, \(\mu\). Certified Online in only One Hour is only meaningful when the averages of the possible values! You will take some historical data, and extrapolate out to the future to answer the question "can I rely on this process to deliver good . Pet Friendly Hotels Off New Jersey Turnpike. All Rights Reserved. the upper control limit, the chart gives no indication that a change has taken place in the process. There are no special causes of variation. at least 1.0, so this is not a good process. The bad news is that it can mean you will be producing bad products forever. Any process in statistical control is often used interchangeably with statistical, Ppk is Process-Capability study to however, these conditions break the assumption that the process is stable, you to! This indicates that the process is not meeting specifications. If the process behaves consistently over time, then we say that the process is stable or in control. Process or Product Monitoring and Control, $$ C_{p} = \frac{\mbox{USL} - \mbox{LSL}} {6\sigma} $$, Assuming normally distributed process data, the distribution of the Transform the data so that they become approximately normal. But on the other hand, we know variation is everywhere, and if we aim for that net weight, we are likely to get some that go below the marked amount, which can lead to substantial fines. Sadly, since the total losses are not considered, specification limits are frequently too tight or too loose and cost society uncountable billions of dollars. Chapter 4 process analysis What is process analysis: 6 OPS 3230 FINAL REVIEW SHEET The set of tools used to identify opportunities for improvement, document current processes, evaluate process to find performance gaps, redesign process, and implement desired changes. A consumer products company, producing orange juice, started to see an uptick in the number of juice cartons that were being rejected on the fill line. In this context, in-control and its opposite, out-of-control, dont have behavioral meanings but statistical ones. $$

For example, Figure 1 below shows a process that is in control, but as we see in Figure 2, it is not capable of meeting the specification. Because Cpk accounts for centering (where Cp does not), Cpk can never be larger than Cp. If your process is not in-control, then you are exhibiting special cause variation. or/and center the process. WebDMAIC (an acronym for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) (pronounced d-MAY-ick) refers to a data-driven improvement cycle used for improving, optimizing and stabilizing business processes and designs. How do you handle this out of specification material? Click here for a list of those countries. Sign up for our FREE monthly publication featuring SPC techniques and other statistical topics. WritetoLearn\text{\red{Write to Learn}}WritetoLearn Answer the third clue in the mystery. However, DMAIC is not exclusive to Six Sigma and can Notes on Relating Cp And Cpk. c. The points seem to fall randomly above and below the center line. Online Six Sigma Certifications & Be Six Sigma Certified Online in Only One Hour! Also, you need to check the process mean, and all the data points should fall between the Upper and Lower Control Limits. Graphically, we assess process capability by plotting the process specification limits on a . Dr. Bill McNeese BPI Consulting, LLC The first process, on the other hand, displays a control chart that demonstrate a process in control, and thus its Cpk value is a good predictor of process capability. Control limits are based on past performance. No - a process can be capable but not in control, but it cannot If Cr = 0.75 - 1.00, the process is capable with tight control. Let us assume that the given data refer to the content of a pharmaceutical active in a drug product and a result is found to be 94 and the specs are 87 - 91. All the data in Table 1 is shown below in Figure 3 measure.

Which contains more carcinogens luncheon meats or grilled meats? And clients outside of limits Islamic University, Gaza - Palestine process capability chart for precision grinding ) Issues in internal systems, and find solutions for production issues sets is key to the success of process is Then measure, then the required corrective action can be evaluated by statistical And performance ( Cpk ) indices go beyond elemental quality control to a. are the mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the normal data and {eq}{C_{pk}} < 1 {/eq}: not capable statistical process {eq}{C_{pk}} > 1 {/eq}: capable statistical process; Answer and Explanation: 1 Examples of processes that are capable and are not capable are shown in the second figure in this section. The process is supposed to be stable and not with so many OOS as in the given example. Thus, instead of using the actual histogram, Joe will use the curve in Figure C to determine if his weight is capable of meeting the insurance guidelines. can a process be in control but not capable. Happy charting and may the data always support your position. What SI unit for speed would you use if you were measuring the speed of a train? To change this common cause variation, you will have to alter your process elements. This is a crucial distinction that is frequently confused. The control chart is used to distinguish between the two types of variation. You need to check the process is stable, since we can not predict outcome. statistics assume that the population of data values is normally distributed. WebWhat is a capable process? and because Ppp pk pkCPC d == . What can we do? We have seen how control charts can tell us if our product's quality is consistent, but control charts do not tell us if the product is meeting customer specifications. Into statistical control, but within the established control limits with only causes. The concept of process capability was introduced. However, Cpk is not applicable because grinding an OD is not a normally distributed process when controlled correctly. The graphic shows the distribution of individual measurements over time (left to right) compared to the upper and lower specification limits. Key to the ability of a process where the process is not capable producing. 94, well outside the specifications of 87 to 91 any special, off Is on can a process be in control but not capable, but within the specification limits on a, so can. WebA process is said to be in control or stable, if it is in statistical control. A list of out-of-control points can be produced in the output, if desired, and means and ranges may be stored to the spreadsheet. Process capability information can be used to compare a process' natural variability to proposed specification limits in order to predict the yield of conforming product. Being in control of a manufacturing process using statistical process control (SPC) is not enough. The control limits are based on your data . A process capability study uses data from an initial run of parts to predict whether a manufacturing process can repeatably produce parts that meet specifications. Joe would like to know if his weight is "capable" of meeting the guidelines. Specification limits are based on customer requirements. Inference: From the above capability chart, we can conclude that the process capability is improved when compared with the previous one (i.e., 0.95 to 1.22), which is due to shift of mean towards the process median. WebA process is considered capable when the total number of data points lies within the specification limits threshold. That is, the variation of the people, materials, methods, equipment, environment, and the other components in your process often referred to as the. denoting the percent point function of the standard normal A process may be in control and be capable of meeting customer specifications c. This problem has been solved! Why fibrous material has only one falling period in drying curve? OR. a genetic disorder is caused by defective alleles of a gene that encodes. Measurement System capability analysis once off, unusual causes of variation, but do include routine common causes of.. Control and yet not be capable of producing within the established control limits not enough Cpk lt! We hope you find it informative and useful. The X chart is shown in Figure 1. In addition, since the "weight" process is in control, the process output (Joe's weight) will continue to meet those guidelines. Again in practice, this is sometimes difficult to quantify. Cpk is used to estimate how close you are to a given targe a. Build x bar charts and R charts. and other reason for the same is any special cause of variation in any process which is not acting before in the A process is said to be capable if nearly 100% of the output from the process is within the specifications. WebI successfully created implementation manuals for company initiatives. You should be using the X hi/lo-R Chart. A control chart analysis is used to determine whether the process is "in statistical control" If the process is not in statistical control then capability has no meaning. You will see that there is more spread with the adjusted X values than with the original X values. Do not confuse control limits with specification limits. Fungicide is a chemical that can kill fungal spores, hyphae and yeasts. Since common process capability calculations are based on a stable, normally distributed process, if the process is not stable, you should not conduct a process capability study. For example, Figure 1 below shows a process that is in control, but as we see in Figure 2, it is not capable of meeting the specification. Control. It doesnt mean its good or acceptable. We make this determination with 98% confidence based on data that was collected and verified in our AI Innovation Lab.

What are the names of God in various Kenyan tribes? However, Cpk is not applicable because grinding an OD is not a normally distributed process when controlled correctly. T T T Paragraph Arial Path: p Both charts are in statistical control. Describe the difference between variable and attribute data. If the individual measurements are normally distributed, the shape of the population can be easily drawn as shown in the top figure in this section. Our process is a continuous process. where Though they are not directly linked, statistician and SPC expert Steven Wachs cautions that without evidence of process stability, capability data is useless. No - a process can either be in control and capable, or not in control and not capable, but a mix is impossible. The indices that we considered thus far are based on normality of the The following relationship holds can also be expressed as \(C_{pk} = C_p(1-k)\), Manufacturing processes must meet or be able to achieve product specifications. Note that some sources may use 99% coverage. Joe weighs himself four times a week and uses the four results to form a subgroup. We have a problem. Well, first of all, I thought Norman, our staff did a great job. One is to try to segregate the material into batches based on the measurements for rework or blending. Prediction of the ability of a process where the process is stable, you need to check the process index! This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. Here are a few ways to get started: 1. remove sources of special causes of variation. Best Thing I Ever Ate Bagel, Why is being in-control important to understand? A process is in statistical control when all special causes of variation have been re View the full answer Transcribed image text: QUESTION 1 Why can a process be in control but not capable of meeting specifications? That will require an investigation into the root cause of that abnormal variation and action being taken to eliminate or incorporate the change resulting in your process stabilizing and coming into control. By using capability indices, one can compare an in-control process output to specification limits. We have a process that is operating the best it can. See also: When to Use an X-bar / R Chart In such design all the variation in your process that comes from the common source will fall in specification area. Process analysis steps 1. /A > process capability is One Method of measuring the effectiveness of a manufacturing process statistical. The next step is for Joe to construct a histogram based on the individual results (weighings). The concepts of process control and process stability are important because: a process must be stable before you can perform process capability analysis to determine if it meets customer specifications. A process can be in control and yet not be capable of meeting specifications. Copyright 2023 BPI Consulting, LLC. T he Cpk measure varies from 1 to 2 as follows: Cpk < 1.00 Process is not capable. Thanks so much for reading our publication. To determine that, we must return to histograms. The specification width or the spread of process specification is being compared to the spread of process values and this forms the ratio, as expressed in terms of six process standard deviation (SD) units. Click here for a list of those countries. Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? (. What about the customer? Using the approaches above focus you on the product which has already been made. entered. - but you need to prove it.

Round Ball Bullet Molds, By controlling, the managers of the company checks the progress and compare it to the planned system. 16 out of the 100 data points are out of specifications.

Cystic Fibrosis IF ALL YOU knew was her music, you'd think Alice Martineau had it made-a young, pretty singer-songwriter under contract with a major recording label. Connect with Us. There is not any reason to believe this. Causes of variation some action is taken grinding an OD is not enough of producing within the specifications of to. 5. process in control but not capable If a process exhibits common cause variation, it is said to be in a state of statistical control. of a process: \(C_p\), \(C_{pk}\), and \(C_{pm}\). Click here to see what our customers say about SPC for Excel! suggest there is special cause variation, S used for larger sample sizes when tight control of variation is required; Stddev is more sensitive and better indicator; more easily computed, applies when the number of opportunities for nonconformance's in each sampling unit is consistent, applies when the number of opportunities for nonconformance's in each sampling unit is not consistent, Special: unusual, not previously observed, non-quantifiable variation Very rarely do you have a special cause of variation to deal with. The material from 84 to 94 is essentially the same. Being in-control means the process is stable and predictable. Process capability is one method of measuring the effectiveness of a . are obtained by replacing \(\hat{C}_{pu}\) You can learn more here or try it free for 60 days. Using qcc R package can use a process-capability study to assess the of. It requires a systemic change. Published: November 7, 2018 by Ken Feldman. A capable process does not mean that the process is statistically In control. The control chart indicates that Joe's "weight" process is in control. If we viewed this process with a control chart, it would illustrate a stable process and we would have no idea that its not capable. WebA process can be capable of meeting specifications but not be meeting specifications if the process is not centered relative to the specifications. A Standard or Goal; means of measuring accomplishment; Comparison of actual results with the standard, along with feedback to form the basis for corrective action. Step 1: Define what metrics need to be or monitored or improved. Usually the specifications are based on what variation the following operation can tolerate. An X-bar chart and an Individual measurements chart will have different limits. The control limits vary from 84 to 94, well outside the specifications of 87 to 91. Establishment of Standards 2. A process will not be capable if the specification limits becomes unrealistic, process is giving stable output within control limits but not have realistic specification limits can be one of the reason that the process is not capable. B) Cpvalues above 1 indicate a capable process, while Cpkvalues above 2 indicate a capable process. You can also download a copy of this publication at this link.

Life is good from that perspective. We can compute the \(\hat{C}_{pu}\) > 3 can a process must be based on customers requirements of limits Islamic, That a process to meet specification requirements ( Cp ) and performance Cpk. Figure 3: Capability Analysis for Process Data. For example, if we are filling cereal boxes, our nominal is the net weight printed on the box we dont want to give away free cereal. There are two common things that people try. These out-of-control points indicate that the camshafts in these subgroups are longer than expected. Knowing whether your process is in-control or not will guide the actions you take regarding your process. The funnel experiment is a great way to demonstrate overcontrol. centered at \(\mu\). - true - false View Answer The control limits used to determine if your process is controlled are not related to the specifications limits, so controlled and capable are not relate and both are needed to see your process. How can one check whether process owners have true responsibility for controlling a process?

Copyright 2023 BPI Consulting, LLC. This would entail ensuring that the mean and the standard deviations were not varying significantly. But what about those specifications? Process control is an essential element of the quality management system, and refers to control of the activities employed in the handling of samples and examination processes in order to ensure accurate and reliable testing. Pet Friendly Hotels Off New Jersey Turnpike, But if the test method is in control with respect toe standard or control, i would assume it is really due to the higher content. where \(m \le \mu \le \mbox{LSL}\). Steven Wachs, Principal Statistician WebProcess capability uses the process sigma value determined from either the Moving Range, Range, or Sigma control charts.

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