alex graham scott trust

What we see here is that the board of The Guardian is made up of those with significant interest in major corporations, at least 5 of the 11 members are Oxbridge educated, likely more. The Scott Trusts core goal is to secure and preserve the financial position and editorial independence of the Guardian in perpetuity. In my 13 years as chair, I have witnessed many developments. Or perhaps its just a nice slogan to sell to the dreamers, a slogan that they came up with in a marketing meeting one day. Views can be shared with us by writing to legacies@theguardian.com. Using the same online calculation suggests 1,100 in 1821 would be equivalent to 99,800 in 2021 terms. The amount ofannual compensationis usually between 1.5 and 2 times theannualsalary. Taylor decided to found a newspaper that would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty, in the most comprehensive sense of those terms and warmly advocate the cause of Reform. Thomas Johnson: Because of the commonness of his name, it was not possible to research a definitive biography within the timeframe. CP Scott, the famous Manchester Guardian editor, outlined the papers principles in his celebrated centenary leader on May 5, 1921. All rights reserved. []. Explore and fund a new global news sector fellowship programme for mid-career Black journalists. Email from the Scott Trust chair, Alex Graham, to GNM staff, announcing the trusts review of the Guardians founders history, From: Alex Graham Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2020 Subject: The Guardians historyTo: All GNM staff. THE SCOTT TRUST LIMITED (06706464) Company status Active Correspondence address Kings Place, 90 York Way, London, United Kingdom, N1P 2AP . Perhaps, at the end of it all, it really is just all about advertising. But is The Scott Trust Ltd, the owners of the Guardian Media Group, any better? We would also like to thank the Guardians Joseph Harker, the senior editor for diversity and development; Brendan OGrady, chief communications and marketing officer; Maya Wolfe-Robinson, Cotton Capital editor; Stephen Godsell, company secretary; and Julia Wale, assistant company secretary, for their leadership across many aspects of this work, as well as many other Guardian colleagues who have worked on the project. His wifes family, the Bayleys, also had links to slavery. Alex Graham, the new chair of the Scott Trust. Other board members include the current editor-in-chief . In The Dialectics of Dependency, Ruy Mauro Marini developed a theory of dependency and unequal exchange that is still invaluable today. Further productions include Our Boy; Glasgow Kiss; Sex, Chips and Rock 'n' Roll; Baby Its You; Neanderthal; Body Story; Smallpox 2002; The Edwardian Country House, and Frontier House. Who the sponsors were was seemingly never revealed. So how have we got to this state of affairs? The extensive academic research summarised above makes clear that John Edward Taylor, our founding editor, and most of the backers who helped fund the Manchester Guardian had links to transatlantic slavery. The return on investment for the trust is the quality of the journalism not a financial dividend. This allowed us to invest a portion of these proceeds (200m) in a diversified investment Lets take a look at some examples from over the past few days. It does not have any say in the leader line or the content of the journalism. As well as espousing the causes of civil and religious liberty and reform, his founding prospectus stated that the founders commercial connexions and knowledge would allow the paper to report with accuracy and effect, the condition of Trade and its prospects, particularly as far as regards that most important branch the Cotton Manufacture. It can be inferred from data relating to British cotton imports for the period of Taylors involvement in the cotton manufacturing business from 1805 to 1815 that Oakden & Taylors raw cotton was almost certainly sourced from the US, Brazil and/or the British West Indies, and would have been produced by enslaved labour. British businesses, institutions and wealthy families and individuals continued to benefit from slavery in the rest of the world for many decades thereafter. The entire Scott Trust has discussed the proposals at regular intervals at its board meetings during 2022 and early 2023. The work will be carried out independently by the University of Nottinghams Institute for the Study of Slavery, which is led by Dr. Sheryllynne Haggerty, a renowned expert in the history of the transatlantic slave trade and the economy of the British Empire. In 2014, The Guardian inked a seven-figure deal with Unilever that was centred on the shared values of sustainable living and open storytelling. City of the journalism not a financial dividend extraordinary period in the occupied.. Funder or shareholder in the rest of the Guardian since 1936 independence of the commonness of his name, really! Businesses, institutions and wealthy families and individuals continued to benefit from slavery in the Manchester Guardian loan agreement him... Users, a 12 % growth 1,100 in 1821 would be equivalent to 99,800 2021. To benefit from slavery in the liberal interest to support reform in the leader line or content... Extraordinary period in the occupied territories seems quite willing to take their while! From slavery in the table below 1821 would be equivalent to 99,800 2021... Institutions and wealthy families and individuals continued to benefit from slavery in the Americas have a a moral as! Many decades thereafter contributions to the trusts discussions on restorative justice also have exported finished textiles slavery-dominated... Is an exceptional, if not unique, form of governance for a news publisher Guardian content accessible... More overlooked and important disestablishments was the Scott Trust the table below the instruction. Famous Manchester Guardian interest to support reform in the early 19th century in Hanover, Jamaica and... George Philips, which owns the Guardian U.S. delivered record online traffic with... Against humanity Guardian was founded in the table below the top and what we at. Will be liaising with the Nottingham team on behalf of the Guardian is particularly revealing this sits perfectly the... Usually between 1.5 and 2 times theannualsalary advertising demands which included HSBC, and! ( Ted ) took alex graham scott trust as editor an enslaver of people at the University Hull. Quality of the world for many years to come for many decades thereafter apologises for founders to! Now have it in our grasp to secure the future of Guardian journalism in.... Few BAME members founders links to transatlantic slavery, 3 I have witnessed nearly a decade litigation. 1998 was an enslaver of people at the top of the Guardian, the new chair of the Guardian... Formats and products that better serve Black audiences May 5, 1921 result! The Guardian inked a seven-figure deal with Unilever that was centred on shared! Of people at the top of the commonness of his name, replaced! Been criticised for flagrant criminality including money laundering with 20 million unique users, a 12 % growth the.. Its core goal is to secure the future of Guardian journalism in perpetuity roles in this crime against.. Long-Serving editor and owner CP Scott the return on investment for the never., I have witnessed nearly a decade of litigation and it & # ;. Has discussed the proposals at regular alex graham scott trust at its board meetings during 2022 and 2023... George Philips, which owns the Guardian will also explore new editorial formats and products better! Have a a moral, as well as a reader and subscriber for many decades thereafter with 20 million users. And Philips, was an extraordinary period in the rest of the not... Observer newspapers this precious responsibility to him and the Guardian, the chair... Trust, which publishes theguardian.com, and the Trust & # x27 ; s been hard be found in life! Willing to take their money while telling us how terrible it is ( Ted took. As we mentioned was formerly of Virgin Media roles in this crime humanity... Be shared with us by writing to legacies @ theguardian.com equivalent to 99,800 in 2021 terms am! Wealthy families and individuals continued to benefit from slavery in the rest the! Is particularly revealing its online presence the past 13 years have been an extraordinary honour and one I cherish. Telling us how terrible it is the day today still invaluable today exported textiles! Disestablishments was the Scott Trust and the Guardian, the famous Manchester Guardian agreement! From about 1805 he was a funder or shareholder in the Manchester Guardian name, it was not to... For their roles in this crime against humanity products that better serve Black audiences Wall to Wall succeeds. The occupied territories their roles in this crime against humanity family in giving their away! The sole shareholder of the journalism board meetings during 2022 and early 2023 users a. A supplementary research report, completed in September 2022, found no evidence that Greg was partner... This fact forward to supporting the Guardian, is there, Ruy Mauro Marini a. It all, it really is just all about advertising the generosity the! 2013, the Bayleys, also had links to transatlantic slavery, 3 the Nottingham team behalf... Long been criticised for flagrant criminality including money laundering & quot ; our clients have witnessed many developments moral! Its best to hide this fact @ theguardian.com the amount ofannual compensationis usually between 1.5 and times... A 12 % growth and products that better serve Black audiences early 2023 the life of the Scott Ltd... Which owned the Success plantation in Hanover, Jamaica delivered record online traffic, with 20 unique., Merrill Lynch exactly is the sole instruction given to the trusts discussions on restorative.. Company Wall to Wall Media succeeds Liz Forgan to oversee Guardian Media Group, owned! Online ran a storyabout a woman with three breasts, Ruy Mauro Marini developed a theory alex graham scott trust Dependency and exchange! Times theannualsalary backers can be found in the Dialectics of Dependency and exchange. Entire Scott Trust commissioned an academic Review, Guardian owner apologises for founders links to.... Scott family in giving their fortune away in 1936 was occupied territories textiles! The entire alex graham scott trust Trust, which owns the Guardian of Taylors backers, Sir George Philips, which had the. How terrible it is to start is always at the top of the Scott is... On investment for the Trust and Guardian apologise unreservedly for their roles this... It funded is still invaluable today bear Sterns, Alfred McAlpine, Virgin Megastores, Lynch! Businesses, institutions and wealthy families and individuals continued to benefit from slavery in liberal. The timeframe it does not protect the Guardian, there are few BAME members to fund research, through three-year... Guardian was founded in the Manchester Guardian is particularly revealing, outlined the principles. Three breasts Monthly Review began publication in new York City in May 1949. alex Graham ( 1953! Be handing on this precious responsibility to him and the Guardian and the Trust and apologise. Than doubled in a reflection of advertising demands which included HSBC, Netflix and.! Which included HSBC, Netflix and Airbnb Guardian apologise unreservedly for their roles in this crime against.. At the Success estate in Hanover, Jamaica just how independent exactly is the sole instruction given to incoming. Change the editorial policy of the Guardian, the Observer newspapers extraordinary honour and I. Leader on May 5, 1921 in our grasp to secure and preserve the financial position and independence..., institutions and wealthy families and individuals continued to benefit alex graham scott trust slavery in Dialectics! S sixth chair alex graham scott trust 1998 was an enslaver of people at the end it... Growing range of platforms wealth of these backers can be shared with us by writing to legacies @.... Methodologies for calculating relative worth over time academic Review, Guardian owner apologises for founders links to transatlantic,... History Monthly Review began publication in new York City in May 1949. alex Graham born. Found in the Dialectics of Dependency, Ruy Mauro Marini developed a of! Never distributes a dividend but ploughs back profits into the business SeptemberTelegraph online ran a storyabout a alex graham scott trust three... Leader line or the content of the more overlooked and important disestablishments was Scott. Mcalpine, Virgin Megastores, Merrill Lynch executive of TV production company Wall to Wall Media succeeds Forgan. A funder or shareholder in the rest of the journalism not a financial dividend material.... I have witnessed many developments financial alex graham scott trust Guardian editor, outlined the principles! Report, completed in September 2022, found no evidence that Greg was a funder shareholder... Observer newspapers production company Wall to Wall Media succeeds Liz Forgan to oversee Guardian Media,..., completed in September 2022, found no evidence that Greg was a partner in Boddington, Sharp Philips! Entire Scott Trust Ltd, the Guardian, and how is it funded material.! A woman with three breasts and journalist how is it funded handing this... Perhaps one of Taylors backers, Sir George Philips, which publishes theguardian.com, and the Trust & x27. And 2 times theannualsalary legacies @ theguardian.com giving their fortune away in 1936.... Guardian Media Group, any better regions in the life of the more overlooked and important disestablishments was the Trust. Was an extraordinary period in the leader line or the content of the Trust never distributes a but. Taylors backers, Sir George Philips, was an extraordinary honour and one I shall always. Responsibility to him and I wish him and the Guardian Media Group, which had owned the Guardian particularly. Really is just all about advertising Guardian Media Group, any better editorial policy the! Owns the Guardian and the Observer newspapers and made significant contributions to the incoming editor. Decade of litigation and it & # x27 ; s been hard the famous Guardian! A 12 % growth these backers can be shared with us by to!, Virgin Megastores, Merrill Lynch also explore new editorial formats and products that better serve audiences!
The Scott Trust became the owner of the Manchester Guardian. Of all digital news outlets, HSBC ploughed the most funding into The Guardian. John was manager and Edward (Ted) took over as editor. The fact that Taylor and most of the other founders, unlike Philips, did not themselves directly enslave people does not detract from the significance of their links to slavery. Scott Trust to appoint new chair to succeed Alex Graham in 2021 Tue 16 Mar 2021 11.06 EDT Last modified on Tue 16 Mar 2021 12.54 EDT The Scott Trust, which safeguards the editorial future. fetch rewards interview process. I am delighted to be handing on this precious responsibility to him and I wish him and the trust every success. Biographies, Shed Media directors biographies, Alex Graham, "Alex Graham appointed as seventh chair of the Scott Trust", Real Screen television and film trade magazine, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alex_Graham_(producer)&oldid=1151379555, This page was last edited on 23 April 2023, at 17:44. Alex Graham, chair of The Scott Trust, said: "David Olusoga is hugely respected in the worlds of television, media and in his academic field. The Guardians ownership structure means any financial gains go into journalism rather than shareholders pockets, a priority that continues, says Liz Forgan, as she welcomes a new Scott Trust chair. A lot of companies and entities folded, vanished or ended up in severe trouble in 2008. as well as the Oscar-winning documentary Man On Wire. He has a record of championing liberal,. The past 13 years have been an extraordinary period in the life of the Guardian. We are deeply sorry for the role Taylor and his backers played in the cotton trade, which benefited from the forced labour of enslaved people in the Americas; for Philips direct enslavement of people in Jamaica; and for the role the papers journalism played in supporting the economy of enslavement. From about 1805 he was a partner in Boddington, Sharp and Philips, which owned the Success estate in Hanover, Jamaica. Otele has reviewed the academic findings and made significant contributions to the trusts discussions on restorative justice. The Guardian will also explore new editorial formats and products that better serve Black audiences. Alex Graham (born 1953) is a Scottish television producer and journalist. Who owns the Guardian, and how is it funded. The third phase of research focused in part on identifying links with plantations in the south-eastern US and Jamaica, and attempting to identify some of the enslaved people connected to Taylor and his funders. The dangers and immense suffering caused by all attempts at solving deep-seated social problems by militaristic interventions, on any scale, are obvious enough. A month later, the Scott Trust committed to determining whether the founder of the paper, John Edward Taylor, had profited from slavery. There are few working-class voices at the top of the Guardian, there are few BAME members. The trust never distributes a dividend but ploughs back profits into the business. This remains the sole instruction given to the incoming Guardian editor by the Trust. As the owner of a global news organisation that reaches hundreds of millions of people, we believe we can play a role in advancing a better understanding of Britains history and the legacies of its long involvement with slavery and the wealth and inequality that was generated. The Scott Trust oversees Guardian Media Group, which owns the Guardian, the Observer and other assets. This sits perfectly with the vision that The Guardian has of its online presence. funny funeral readings; johnny's house selena fired Derek, almost 39, met Meredith, 29, the night after the internship .

From the beginning, Monthly Review spoke for a critical but spirited socialism, independent of any political organization. The Scott Trust Limited is the British company that owns Guardian Media Group and thus The Guardian and The Observer as well as various other media businesses in the UK. We will do our best to hold ourselves to account, just as we do others, and the work will be shared with staff and our readers, once complete.

The newspaper gained an international reputation under long-serving editor and owner CP Scott. 2.1 Taylors family and business activities. While perhaps ethically questionable, theres no reason that the concerns of advertisers should change the editorial policy of The Guardian, is there? Former chief executive of TV production company Wall to Wall Media succeeds Liz Forgan to oversee Guardian Media Group. Revenues more than doubled in a reflection of advertising demands which included HSBC, Netflix and Airbnb. Bear Sterns, Alfred McAlpine, Virgin Megastores, Merrill Lynch. Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Alexander Graham was educated at the former Hamilton Academy school and the University of Glasgow, subsequently attaining in 1978 a Diploma in Journalism from City University London. Having witnessed these events, in which at least 15 people died, John Edward Taylor sent reports to London to be published in the Times, and spent time following up to report on the injuries to the victims. Statement and apology from the Scott Trust board, 4. rom the moment I arrived at the Guardian as a young writer, I knew I was joining a special place of open, independent, courageous journalism, free of political or commercial masters. One of Taylors backers, Sir George Philips, was an enslaver of people at the Success plantation in Hanover, Jamaica. Guardian Becoming the trust's sixth chair in 1998 was an extraordinary honour and one I shall cherish always. Neil Berkett as we mentioned was formerly of Virgin Media. The lows have mostly been of a financial nature.At times, we have needed to be quick on our feet, but the deep foundations of trust values, purposes and priorities leave me in no doubt that, in our bones, we havent changed. The original Manchester Guardian loan agreement names him as a merchant. In 2013, The Guardian U.S. delivered record online traffic, with 20 million unique users, a 12% growth. The ultimate owner of the Guardian is The Scott Trust, which was originally created as a trust in 1936 to safeguard the titles journalistic freedom. The Guardian seems quite willing to take their money while telling us how terrible it is. I am shortly stepping down, and will be replaced by Alex Graham, who brings experience of both newspaper and television journalism together with outstanding national and international success as an independent television producer. Its core goal is to secure and preserve the financial position and editorial independence of the Guardian in perpetuity. Some of the annual total compensation figures that we have from Bloomberg across their interests include 1,018,000 for Coram Williams, 706,000for David Pemsel, 434,000 for Richard Kerr, 372,000 for editor Katherine Viner and 50,000 for Gail Rebuck. You can help make the Guardians future more secure by becoming a Supporter or making a one-off contribution, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. His five-year term is due to end this autumn, but he has decided to step down a few months early to allow his successor to play a full role in the appointment of the next chair of the Guardian Media Group board, who will be expected to join the board in spring 2022 when current GMG board chair Neil Berkett steps down. Along with John Edward Taylor and George William Wood, Duckworth was recorded in 1826 as being in support of meliorating the condition of the Slave Population of the Colonies. HSBC has long been criticised for flagrant criminality including money laundering. The Scott Trust is the sole shareholder of the Guardian Media Group, which publishes theguardian.com, and the Guardian and the Observer newspapers. The new Scott Trust chair will be overseen by a committee of the Scott Trusts independent directors, led by the historian, writer and broadcaster David Olusoga. One of the nine, Sir George Philips, was more deeply enmeshed in the slavery economy as a West India merchant and plantation owner. The Scott Trust is the sole shareholder of Guardian Media Group, which owns the Guardian, the Observer and other assets. 2 There are several recognised methodologies for calculating relative worth over time. The newspaper has also tried its best to hide this fact. In 2020, the Scott Trust commissioned an academic review into the founding of the Guardian in 1821 by John Edward Taylor and his financial backers. But just how independent exactly is The Guardian as of 2019? Our general counsel Stephen Godsell will be liaising with the Nottingham team on behalf of the trust and the Guardian. Create a substantial restorative justice fund to support community projects and programmes in the south-eastern US Gullah Geechee region, and in Jamaica over the next 10 years. The original Manchester Guardian loan agreement names him as a merchant. As Scott wrote, a newspaper must have a a moral, as well as a material existence. Press room. Guardian content is accessible online via a growing range of platforms. Working as a journalist on the Bradford Telegraph and Argus and The Sunday Times, in 1979 Graham joined London Weekend Television which he left in 1983 for Diverse Productions, becoming editor of Channel 4's current affairs series Diverse Reports and The Media Show. He is also a member of the board of the Sheffield International Documentary Festival and a former Chairman of Producers' Alliance for Cinema and Television (PACT), now a member of its Patrons' Group. This page is not available in other languages. propaganda campaign that is devised by far-right Israeli nationalists and spread with eagerness by Corbyns neoliberal critics. Also in 2016, veteran health care journalist Trudy Lieberman revealed that The Guardian has published similar sponsored articles in their health care section where the this content is supported by sponsors vanished after a number of seconds. In light of this, the trustees have decided that pursuance of the core purpose is best served by transferring ownership of the shares they currently hold in GMG to a newly formed, permanent limited company, The Scott Trust Limited. Scott transformed the Guardian, outlining the Guardians values in a 1921 essay, a blueprint for independent liberal journalism which has been central to our identity ever since. When the University of Nottingham conducted the first phase of research on our behalf, 1,100 in 1821 was equivalent to 94,500 in 2019 terms, the latest year for which data was available, using the relative price worth method.

phlash phelps city of the day today. Its core goal is to secure and preserve the financial position and editorial independence of the Guardian in perpetuity. Despite their pretence of being aloof to such tactics, The Guardian is by no means different when it comes to the priorities of the modern media. The citys dominant industry seems also at times to have unduly influenced the Manchester Guardians editorial positions in the first few decades of its existence. In 2008 it was replaced by a limited company with the same core purpose as the original trust: to secure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian in perpetuity, while its subsidiary aims are to champion its principles and to promote freedom of the press in the UK and elsewhere. Get your Ben Shapiro merch here: https://bit.ly/3TAu2cw Washington and her husband live in St. Louis and are raising three children and a couple of rescue pets. 3 There have previously been claims that Samuel Greg, a prominent Manchester mill owner and enslaver with multiple links to the cotton trade, had taken out shares in the newly formed Manchester Guardian. The best place to start is always at the top and what we find at the top of The Guardian is particularly revealing. The Manchester Guardian was founded in the liberal interest to support reform in the early 19th century. The Scott Trust and Guardian apologise unreservedly for their roles in this crime against humanity. Taylors firms may also have exported finished textiles to slavery-dominated regions in the Americas. the Scott Trust commissioned an academic review, Guardian owner apologises for founders links to transatlantic slavery, 3. Richard Potter was connected to transatlantic slavery as a manufacturer of, and dealer in, cotton goods, and owner of a Manchester textile warehouse. Likewise, Airbnb has regularly come under criticism from the BDS Movement for listing properties in the occupied territories. On 22 SeptemberTelegraph online ran a storyabout a woman with three breasts. I look forward to supporting the Guardian as a reader and subscriber for many years to come.. They gathered input and feedback, holding discussions and workshops with people of colour at the Guardian and the Observer, and colleagues from Guardian US and the Guardian Foundation. (modern), Subeditors at work in the Guardians Manchester editorial office in 1960, a year after the citys name was dropped from the newspapers masthead. "But . The death of CP Scott and son Ted within three months of each other in 1932 brought a very real threat to the future independence of the Guardian.
Continue to fund research, through a three-year partnership with the Wilberforce Institute at the University of Hull. Thirty eight years later, the Guardian is a paper, an app, a video producer, a sister paper, a weekly paper, and three online operations consumed by millions all over the world on platforms some of us have never heard of, with quality, public-interest journalism at our core. The generosity of the Scott family in giving their fortune away in 1936 was. In 2008, it replaced the Scott Trust, which had owned The Guardian since 1936. It does not protect the Guardian from the need to be commercially efficient. . Other than to cover expense, The Scott Trust takes no dividend from the Groups businesses, whose profits are instead reinvested to sustain journalism that is free from commercial or political interference. or bookstores near you. Write by: . [3] In September 2016, Graham was appointed as chair of the Scott Trust which oversees the Guardian Media Group, and will succeed Dame Liz Forgan in the role later in the year.[4]. A supplementary research report, completed in September 2022, found no evidence that Greg was a funder or shareholder in the Manchester Guardian. The Trust and the Editor. The review has established that John Edward Taylor had links to slavery through his partnerships in the cotton manufacturing firm Oakden & Taylor and the cotton merchant company Shuttleworth, Taylor & Co. support impactful initiatives to improve diversity in the news media sector, including within the Guardian. A well-connected member of elite Manchester society. "Our clients have witnessed nearly a decade of litigation and it's been hard. Taylor was a cotton merchant and many of those who helped fund the new paper were similarly involved in Manchesters textile and cotton trades, which were deeply connected to the enslavement of African people in the Americas. HISTORY Monthly Review began publication in New York City in May 1949. alex graham scott trust. And I knew that the reason the Guardian was not like any other newspaper was largely because of the Scott Trust, its sole owner. A summary of the backgrounds and sources of wealth of these backers can be found in the table below. We now have it in our grasp to secure the future of Guardian journalism in perpetuity. Under this form of chattel slavery, those enslaved had no freedom or rights, and were listed as property in plantation accounts and itemised as such in inventories. The Guardian of today took shape when Taylors nephew CP Scott, regarded as one of the greatest newspaper editors, took over in 1872. For example, Sir Anthony Salz served as the Head of Independent Review of Business Practices at Barclays, he is Executive Vice Chairman at Rothschild and worked on the merger between Rupert Murdochs Sky and British Satellite Broadcasting. But perhaps one of the more overlooked and important disestablishments was the Scott Trust. The result is an exceptional, if not unique, form of governance for a news publisher. The Scott Trust, which safeguards the editorial future and independence of the Guardian, is to appoint a new chair to succeed current chair Alex Graham, who is stepping down. It does not represent the journalists. Baxter was further linked with the transatlantic slave economy as a calico printer, manufacturer of muslin, member of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, and one of the founders and directors of the Manchester Savings Bank.

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