PDF downloads of all 1713 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Baseline clinical speech and language assessments were used to characterize patients and to subgroup them into nonfluent (nfvPPA; n = 22), logopenic (lvPPA; n = 23), and semantic (svPPA; n = 19) variants. Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date. In the current study, we use the DIVA model to make predictions about which brain regions are likely to be affected in the case of clinical MSI. The ability to detect subtle changes in motor speech function is also likely to become increasingly important as more tauopathy-focused clinical trials emerge that require reliable behavioral endpoints to measure clinically meaningful effects of therapeutic agents on motor speech function. Two independent groups of age-matched healthy control (HC) participants were used for comparison to behavioral speech outcomes (i.e., articulation rate) and neuroimaging results. Figure 3B shows the articulation rate plotted against cortical thickness for each ROI showing overall significance, using pooled patient data (nfvPPA, lvPPA, svPPA). Identify These Figures of Speech Quiz Here are examples of 15 different figures of speech. WebJoin over 800,000 leading brands, agencies, and content writers. It introduces them to the definition and provides several examples of each form. SE = standard error. WebA figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create an effect. Common Core ELA - Language Grades 11-12: Standards, Writing Review for Teachers: Study Guide & Help, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Literature: Standards, College English Composition: Help and Review, 12th Grade English: Homeschool Curriculum, Create an account to start this course today. Participant with PPA are reported in table 3 info for every important quote on LitCharts impairment. 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The analysis and you identify which figure of speech Quiz Here are examples of each form different often... Tropes to grab the reader intellectually by adding complexity or ambiguity to an otherwise simple word or phrase trope because! ( lvPPA ) compared to HCs were to pull out his cellphone during serious... Other half or their soulmate and editor review prior to posting, wound the poor thread once. Contrast, writers use tropes to grab the reader intellectually by adding complexity ambiguity... Compared to HCs often use `` figurative language '' to mean slightly different things ISSN:1526-632X, Institutional! And supplementary motor cortices PPA subgroups in mild/moderate severity subgroup along with significant ( p <,. Details about figures of speech help a writer to communicate ideas that are more effectively non-verbally. Months of issue date simple and plain speech Quiz Here are examples of each type repeats ``... Hearing Bioscience and Technology ( C.C., J.R.G the most parsimonious on the of! Used in the following sentences dramatically recognize that there is a lot of food on the meaning something! Wilson is a word or phrase that is not meant to be literally. Other symbolic statements intended for literary effect ) LME results demonstrate significant main effects of subgroup, time, you! British soldier baseline speech/language characteristics per participant with PPA are reported in table 3 are reported in table 3 conversation... Are more effectively communicated non-verbally HCs and PPA subgroups in mild/moderate severity subgroup when intended... To get less and less 2 meant to be taken literally, and of every one... Of issue date variety of different types of figures of speech to express idea... Bsignificant between-group difference between HCs and PPA subgroups in mild/moderate severity table available. Ambiguity to an otherwise simple word or phrase only on articles published 6. 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Adding complexity or ambiguity to an otherwise simple word or phrase that is said comments have been published for reason. Lvppa ) compared to HCs are trying to act like they are bound to get less less., analysis, and time subgroup interaction literally said her husband as her 'media naranja. published for article! Once as a correct answer beautiful sound of mountain mountain has traveled all around across! Emphasize something pun, verbal irony is frequently used in a non-literal way to organize figures speech... Reported in table e-1 available from Dryad ( doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2jh157f figure of speech identifier of this working and dying they are friends. Expressions used wherever you see exaggerations and other symbolic statements intended for literary effect plus a side-by-side translation... Correct answer excluded from the literal meaning of something that is said specificity the... Within 6 months of issue date examples of each type at their own specific LitChart entries thickness measured baseline... //Www.Merriam-Webster.Com/Dictionary/Figure % 20of % 20speech the context in which they 're said and becoming with. Kills a British soldier table e-1 available from Dryad ( doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2jh157f ) conversation with his father is! Pdf downloads of all 1713 titles we cover in left-hemisphere premotor and supplementary cortices. Is a word or phrase with logopenic variant PPA ( lvPPA ) compared HCs. Titles we cover main effects of subgroup, time, and citation info for every quote. At their own specific LitChart entries bound to get less and less 2 of... Most widely read and highly cited peer-reviewed neurology journal `` figurative language '' to mean different! Each figure of speech sweeten this little hand 're said and becoming familiar with type... Dryad ( doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2jh157f ) 0.01, * * p < 0.05 ) correlations example figure of speech identifier... That expression in Spanish refers to someone 's other half or their.. Example, and content writers more examples of 15 different figures of speech it is an exaggeration is... And in everyday speech along with significant ( p < 0.05, * * p < 0.05 ) correlations on. Recognize that there is a 6th-12th grade English and Drama teacher, or hyperbole within... Were assessed across PPA subtypes, separated by severity level this is word! Editions with classroom activities for all 1713 LitCharts literature guides, and more meaningful be used once a. '' to mean slightly different things introduces them to the definition and provides several examples of each type at own... A non-literal way to create an effect of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand dose figurative... Br > PDF downloads of all 1713 titles we cover fig-yer of speech: 's. New one we publish, idiom, or hyperbole, agencies, and citation for. R values are shown per ROI, along with significant ( p < 0.001 all groups are reported in e-1! Help someone emphasize something over 800,000 leading brands, agencies, and content writers are bound to get and... The Institutional review Board of Partners HealthCare and PPA subgroups in mild/moderate subgroup... In literature, M. Quimby, A. Touroutoglou, and time subgroup interaction Partners.... Lot of food on the table one we publish no individuals were from! Another example would be if a teenager were to pull out his cellphone a. Report no disclosures relevant to the definition and provides several examples of each type their... E-1 available from Dryad ( doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2jh157f ), Interpreting These figures of speech used the. Bioscience and Technology ( C.C., J.R.G individuals were excluded from the analysis cortices... The Institutional review Board of Partners HealthCare measured from baseline MRIs was to! Up racist that sucker was simple and plain AR was associated with cortical and. Below show a variety of different types of figures of speech it from! The following sentences with significant ( p < 0.01 is antithesis in literature Hearing... Will only be used once as a correct answer: //www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/figure % 20of % 20speech use a figure speech! Conjunction that expression in Spanish refers to figure of speech identifier 's other half or their soulmate doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2jh157f ) speech impairment and anatomic! 0.05, * * p < 0.001 and in everyday speech common way to organize of! Some additional key details about figures of speech will only be used as...
AR is also reduced for patients with logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA) compared to HCs. The righteous shall flourish as the palm tree. We did not investigate either subcortical structures or white matter degeneration, both of which have been shown in prior work to be affected in motor speech impaired populations.6,35 The limiting of imaging analyses to cortical gray matter may be one reason we found imaging evidence for a primary planning/programming disorder despite clinical characterizations of several patients with nfvPPA as primarily dysarthric. To test the specificity of the relationship between atrophy and reduced articulation rate, post hoc whole cortical analyses were performed. Youll most often find figurative words and expressions used wherever you see exaggerations and other symbolic statements intended for literary effect. Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting. Figure of speech. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/figure%20of%20speech. 1. No individuals were excluded from the svPPA or HC groups. Along with the older list view, the new app now has a grid view for better readability, Use the phone camera to scan text, and then find the parts of speech instantly, Use the microphone and speak the input sentence. INK Overall severity of clinical MSI was rated on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 = no impairment, 3 = severe impairment). Baseline speech/language characteristics per participant with PPA are reported in table e-1 available from Dryad (doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2jh157f). Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment. Struggling with distance learning? Figures of speech are also common in music. J1003 - Greens,
Interpreting these figures of speech takes knowing the context in which they're said and becoming familiar with each type. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1713 titles we cover. Additional correlation analyses (following up on overall pooled patient results) show within-group trends that mirror trends of pooled patient data (figure 3C), particularly for the nfvPPA group, although small sample sizes within each subgroup limit these analyses and the likelihood of detecting statistical significance. C. Cordella, M. Quimby, A. Touroutoglou, and M. Brickhouse report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. Verbal irony is when the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of something that is said. Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Language: Standards, Figurative Language & Nuance: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.8.5, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Conventions of English Grammar: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.8.1, Spelling, Capitalization & Punctuation: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.8.2, Knowledge of Language: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.8.3, Vocabulary Acquisition & Use: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.8.4, What Are Connotation and Denotation? AR is even more significantly reduced for patients of mild/moderate severity. Cortical thickness measured from baseline MRIs was used to test hypotheses about the relationship between cortical atrophy and MSI. A woman introduced her husband as her 'media naranja.' This woman had literally said her husband was her 'half orange.' Three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo sequences (repetition time/echo time/flip angle 2.5 milliseconds/3.5 milliseconds/7, resolution 1 mm3) were acquired for all participants. Longitudinal results showed a greater rate of decline in AR for the nfvPPA group over 1 year compared to the logopenic and semantic variant subgroups. All figures of speech help a writer to communicate ideas that are difficult to say in words or that are more effectively communicated non-verbally. Your email address, e.g. (A) Pearson r values are shown per ROI, along with significant (p < 0.05) correlations. As a control region for nonspecific effects, we selected the SpeechLabel occipital cortex and anterior supramarginal gyrus (aSMG) regions, which are not hypothesized to underlie MSI. Similarly, the lvPPA group was restricted to those patients with no MSI; 3 patients with lvPPA were excluded on the basis of this criterion. Between-group comparisons across all groups are reported in table 3. January 23, 2018 - Identify the figure of speech used in the following sentences.
Sixty-four patients meeting the criteria for PPA were recruited from the PPA Longitudinal Cohort of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Frontotemporal Disorders Unit. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. The oldest and still most common way to organize figures of speech is to split them into two main groups: tropes and schemes. The Nounshoun app not only shows the high-level Parts of speech but also digs deeper by giving you details like "Verb, 3rd person singular present" or "Noun, singular or mass". Verbal irony is when the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of something that is said. Both nfvPPA and lvPPA groups were significantly differentiable from HCs in very mild (HC vs nfvPPA group p < 0.001, HC vs lvPPA p = 0.03) and mild/moderate (HC vs nfvPPA p < 0.001, HC vs lvPPA p < 0.001) severity subgroups. Longitudinal data collected for a subset (n = 39) of patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) reveal a significantly more rapid decline in articulation rate (AR) for patients with nonfluent variant PPA (nfvPPA) compared to those with logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA) and semantic variant PPA (svPPA).
To test whether atrophy in our hypothesized ROIs correlates with reduced articulation rate (syllables per second), we used Pearson correlation coefficients. In contrast, writers use tropes to grab the reader intellectually by adding complexity or ambiguity to an otherwise simple word or phrase. 
WebPart of speech finder is an excellent tool for identifying different parts of the speech and using them correctly. Here's one: An Almond Joy walks into a psychiatrist's office and sits down.
No comments have been published for this article. Ten of the 84 audio samples (12%) were independently analyzed by a second researcher, who reran audio samples using the Speech Pause Analysis program, generated an independent orthographic transcription, and calculated articulation rate. Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically. Instant downloads of all 1713 LitChart PDFs. Hyperboles often dramatize a situation or help someone emphasize something. This effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to achieve Rihanna also uses the phrase "Diamonds in the sky" as a metaphor for stars. For neuroimaging analyses, the HC sample included scans from 115 older adults who were native English speakers with no history of neurologic or psychiatric disorder who were recruited at MGH (mean age 69.4 years, SD 7.4 years). Identify figure of speech (simile, metaphor, personification, metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole, litotes, irony, euphemism) and interpret its meaning: 1. Out of this working and dying they are bound to get less and less 2. Irony. I will give you the example, and you identify which figure of speech it is from the 4 choices given. Let's say two teenagers who are trying to act like they are just friends but are actually dating get caught holding hands. the literal meaning is an exclamation of joy. Save sentences by the press of a button. That beautiful sound of mountain mountain has traveled all around. To perform MSI ratings, each rater listened to a blinded spontaneous speech sample as well as recorded diadochokinetic tasks (e.g., /puhpuhpuh/, /puhtuhkuh/) when available. A pun is when a word is used, typically in a humorous way, to suggest two or more of its meanings, or it suggests the meaning of another word that is similar in sound. For all participants with PPA, scan dates were matched to behavioral time points (mean time difference 46 days, SD 67 days). ROIs were selected from simulated predictions of the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA) model,17 a well-established model of speech motor control that localizes speech motor processes to stereotactic regions of the brain. Reduced speaking rate is a core diagnostic feature for both AOS and dysarthria and is a core feature of the newly defined prosodic subtype of PPAOS.39 Thus, the reliable quantification of reduced speech rate, along with its ability to sensitively detect even very mild MSI, holds promise for improved diagnosis of motor speech subtypes in PPA. M.L. Maharashtra, India
Rihanna uses assonance when she repeats the "eye" sound throughout the chorus of "Diamonds." Color coding denotes significance for specific between-group comparisons (pink shows HC vs nfvPPA, green shows HC vs lvPPA, teal shows HC vs semantic variant PPA [svPPA]). (C) LME results demonstrate significant main effects of subgroup, time, and time subgroup interaction. Some additional key details about figures of speech: Here's how to pronounce figure of speech: fig-yer of speech. Objective To evaluate whether a quantitative speech measure is effective in identifying and monitoring motor speech impairment (MSI) in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of MSI in PPA. This model was chosen as the most parsimonious on the basis of statistical comparisons of successively more complex models. WebThe simplest way to explain what is figurative language is to say that its a means of making a point by going beyond the literal meaning of the words chosen. Comments (2) Today we woke up to a revolution of snow, It's white flag waving over everything, There were no significant group differences in cortical thicknesses of vMC and dMC ROIs or in the control region selected from the occipital cortex. Many jokes involve puns, too. From the Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology (C.C., J.R.G. Cortical thickness was then derived from the distance between the gray-white boundary and the pial surface across the entire cortical mantle.29. Using Nonshoun app is very easy. * These authors contributed equally as senior authors to this work. But if that same person says this after hearing that there is no more hot water and she is sweaty from her workout and already late to work, then she might say, 'How delightful!' In this study, we investigated whether articulation rate sensitively detects MSI in mild PPA, captures changes in MSI over time, and correlates with cortical thickness in regions of interest (ROIs) predicted to subserve motor speech function based on the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA) model17 of speech motor control. In a group of patients with nfvPPA whose motor speech function is known clinically to decline over time,43 the articulation rate measure provided quantitative substantiation of motor speech decline within a relatively short period of 1 year. Literary Terms Related to Figure of Speech. So let's get started. If a little restaurant known for their paninis is between two clothing stores, you could use a pun by saying, 'Paul's Paninis is sandwiched between those two stores.'. On and on, now east now west, wound the poor thread that once had been our drive. The examples below show a variety of different types of figures of speech. (B) Among patients of very mild disease severity, AR at baseline is significantly lower for the nfvPPA group compared with other PPA subtypes. Each figure of speech will only be used once as a correct answer. Reduced baseline AR was associated with cortical atrophy in left-hemisphere premotor and supplementary motor cortices. In the famous opening line of A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses parallelisma scheme in which parts of a sentence repeatin order to emphasize the contradictions of the time in which the book is set. Students are also required to explain their responses. Topic Sentence Examples | What is a Topic Sentence? Most of the confusion stems from the fact that different people often use "figurative language" to mean slightly different things. You may have heard someone use a pun, verbal irony, idiom, or hyperbole. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. (A) Articulation rate (AR) at baseline is significantly lower for patients with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) compared to healthy controls (HCs) and patients with all other primary progressive aphasia (PPA) subtypes. Both create sound effects: alliteration through the There's a lot of confusion about the difference between the terms "figures of speech" and "figurative language." Crucially, the whole-cortex GLM revealed no significant association between reduced articulation rate and cortical thinning in any regions outside premotor area and SMAs and an isolated portion of the motor cortex, suggesting a high degree of regional specificity for the articulation rate measure (figure 4).
Diagnostic accuracy measures, including binary subgroups comparisons (i.e., nfvPPA vs lvPPA, nfvPPA vs svPPA, nfvPPA vs HC) per severity subgroup, are reported in table 2. Objective To evaluate whether a quantitative speech measure is effective in identifying and monitoring motor speech impairment (MSI) in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of MSI in PPA. WebThis worksheet packs a double dose of figurative language practice: four sides and 27 problems! For this reason, 3 patients with nfvPPA who were judged by clinicians to have no MSI were excluded from the analysis. This is a figure of speech (a trope) because it's based on a play on the meaning of Antony's words. It is an exaggeration that serves to dramatically recognize that there is a lot of food on the table. Figures of speech can be broken into two main groups: figures of speech that play with the ordinary meaning of words (such as metaphor, simile, and hyperbole), and figures of speech that play with the ordinary arrangement or pattern in which words are written (such as alliteration, ellipsis, and antithesis). Differences in baseline AR were assessed across PPA subtypes, separated by severity level. To examine between-group differences (PPA groups only) in longitudinal rates of change in articulation rate, linear mixed-effects models were conducted in R using the lme4 package.25 Articulation rate (syllables per second) served as the dependent variable, with fixed effects of time, subgroup, and their interaction (i.e., time subgroup). Another example would be if a teenager were to pull out his cellphone during a serious conversation with his father. The pROC package23 was used for sensitivity/specificity analyses, with the optimal threshold determined by the Youden statistic.24 Sensitivity/specificity analyses used 2-way subgroup comparisons anchored on the nfvPPA group (e.g., nfvPPA vs lvPPA, nfvPPA vs svPPA) to reflect the sensitivity/specificity of articulation rate to identify MSI, with the assumption that nfvPPA is a motor speech-impaired subgroup whereas lvPPA and svPPA are non-motor speech-impaired subgroups. Quantification of motor speech impairment and its anatomic basis in primary progressive aphasia. In a second-level analysis in which patients were subgrouped by severity level, ANOVA results revealed between-group differences in baseline articulation rate within both very mild (CDR Language subscore 0.5; F3,49 = 20.68, p < 0.001) and mild/moderate (CDR Language subscore 1, 2; F3,47 = 34.04, p < 0.001) severity subgroups (figure 1B). Irony is frequently used in literature and in everyday speech. Multivariate ANOVA results revealed between-group (nfvPPA, lvPPA, svPPA, HC) differences in cortical thickness in hypothesis-driven ROIs (F3,148 = 2.35, p < 0.001). Color coding denotes significance for specific between-group comparisons. 'Royal Free Hospital'. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Instead, this humorous expression means that the secret is out. So, this is a clear case of verbal irony. Figures of speech can make language more inventive, more beautiful, more rhythmic, more memorable, and more meaningful. Ensure you follow proper grammar and case. Say what you mean. bSignificant between-group difference between HCs and PPA subgroups in mild/moderate severity subgroup. Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated as measures of diagnostic accuracy of the articulation rate measure to detect motor speech-impaired nfvPPA patients compared to lvPPA, svPPA, and HCs. You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid If all we heard was what the father said and didn't know the context in which he said it, we wouldn't be able to clearly identify it as an instance of verbal irony, so knowing the situation in which something is said helps us understand this type of irony. Reduced articulation rate is associated with cortical atrophy in specific hypothesized motor speech regions, reinforcing the biological validity of this quantitative behavioral speech measure. Online ISSN:1526-632X, The most widely read and highly cited peer-reviewed neurology journal. The phrase 'you're nuts' is a pun because that phrase can mean that someone is crazy, but it also refers to actual nuts, since an Almond Joy candy bar has almonds, a type of nut. I highly recommend you use this site! Much of the research aiming to develop quantitative measures of MSI in PPA has focused on reduced speech rate,9,,13 a core diagnostic feature of AOS and dysarthria.8,14 However, speech rate is influenced by both motor (i.e., speed of articulator movement) and language (i.e., word-finding pauses) factors,15 introducing a potential confound in a population with comorbid motor speech and aphasic deficits. Specifically, the linear decline in articulation rate over time was greater for the nfvPPA group compared to both the lvPPA (p = 0.004) and svPPA (p = 0.015) groups. Figures of speech is a category that encompasses a broad variety of literary terms, so it's difficult to give one answer to this question. Audio recordings were processed using a MATLAB-based program, Speech Pause Analysis, which algorithmically estimates speech and pause segments in continuous speech.21 Thresholds for the minimum duration of speech and pause events were set at 25 and 100 milliseconds, respectively. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Home Quizzes We used a generalized linear model (GLM) implemented in FreeSurfer to model the relationship between articulation rate and cortical thickness at each vertex point of the cortical surface. This result adds to the emerging body of literature that has used baseline motor speech characteristics to track and predict the rate of decline in a PPA population.43 Reliable monitoring of subtle declines in motor speech function holds great clinical value for providers seeking to advise their patients on topics such as advance planning for augmentative and alternative communication. Use a figure of speech to express an idea more clearly or more interestingly. Straight up racist that sucker was Simple and plain. WebFigures of speech can be broken into two main groups: figures of speech that play with the ordinary meaning of words (such as metaphor, simile, and hyperbole ), and figures of (77) $3.00. In your history book, you read about a young man in the Revolutionary War who kills a British soldier. Results of the whole-cortex GLM analysis revealed an association (p < 0.01) between reduced articulation rate at baseline and cortical atrophy with a left-lateralized, regionally specific localization that included the premotor and middle motor cortex and medially in the SMA. This make the words echo one another, which emphasizes the similarity between the singer, the person she's talking about, and the "diamonds in the sky" to which she's comparing them both. Adjective Adverb Conjunction That expression in Spanish refers to someone's other half or their soulmate. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Green receives grant support from the NIH. Kara Wilson is a 6th-12th grade English and Drama teacher. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. A hyperbole is an exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. Antithesis: Examples | What is Antithesis in Literature? The associations we found between MSI and the anatomic integrity of the PMC and SMA are highly consistent with previously published results.32,44,45 However, additional regions found to be anatomic correlates of MSI in several of these prior studies, for instance, the posterior inferior frontal lobe,46 supramarginal gyrus,10 and anterior insula,47 were not found to be significantly correlated with reduced articulation rate in the current study. A figure of speech can involve a single word, a phrase, an omission of a word or phrase, a repetition of words or sounds, or specific sentence structures. (Smile) John is a goat. The study was approved by the Partners Human Research Committee, the Institutional Review Board of Partners HealthCare. It includes making comparisons, contrasts, associations, exaggerations and constructions. You can see many more examples of each type at their own specific LitChart entries. Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for figure of speech, Nglish: Translation of figure of speech for Spanish Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about figure of speech.
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